Temporal Association of <i>Streptococcus, Staphylococcus,</i> and Parainfluenza Pediatric Hospitalizations and Hospitalized Cases of Henoch-Schönlein Purpura

Weiss, Pamela F.; Klink, Andrew J.; Luan, Xianqun; Feudtner, Chris

doi:10.3899/jrheum.100364

Cited by 60 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Upper respiratory tract infections precede a majority of HSP cases and multiple case studies propose a correlation between practically all respiratory pathogens and HSP. Streptococcus strains and Parainfluenza virus are the most commonly associated pathogens, and in children Human Parvovirus B19 is a frequent viral trigger (23,33,34). The interaction between leukocytes and vascular endothelial cells contributes to the pathogenesis of HSP.…”

Section: Aetiology and Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Henoch-Schönlein Purpura: A Literature Review

Hetland¹,

Susrud²,

Lindahl³

et al. 2017

Acta Derm Venerol

193

164

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Henoch-Schönlein purpura is the most common childhood vasculitis, but may also affect adults. This article reviews the literature since 2011 on advances in diagnosis, clinical disease manifestations, pathophysiology and treatment of Henoch-Schönlein purpura. The clinical manifestations are thought to arise from IgA depositions in blood vessel walls in the affected organs, mostly skin, gastrointestinal tract, joints and kidneys. Corticosteroids may be effective in rapid resolution of renal manifestations and treating joint and abdominal pain, but they are not proven effective for treating organ manifestations and complications, such as glomerulonephritis, bowel infarction or intussusception. Mycophenolate mofetil or cyclosporine A may be better treatment choices in case of renal involvement. Other immunosuppressive and immunomodulating drugs, such as rituximab and dapsone, are promising, but larger studies are needed to confirm these findings. Cancer screening should be considered in older males diagnosed with Henoch-Schönlein purpura.

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Section: Aetiology and Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Henoch-Schönlein Purpura: A Literature Review

Hetland¹,

Susrud²,

Lindahl³

et al. 2017

Acta Derm Venerol

193

164

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This seasonal distribution supports the hypothesis that an infectious agent triggers this condition. 11 Group A β–hemolytic streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, influenza, parainfluenza, Epstein-Barr virus, adenovirus, parvovirus, and mycoplasma have all been reported as triggers for HSP.…”

Section: Henoch Schönlein Purpura (Hsp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric Vasculitis

Weiss

2012

Pediatric Clinics of North America

Self Cite

120

111

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Synopsis Childhood vasculitis is a challenging and complex group of conditions that are multisystem in nature and often require integrated care from multiple subspecialties including rheumatology, dermatology, cardiology, nephrology, neurology, and gastroenterology. Vasculitis is defined as the presence of inflammation in the blood vessel wall. The site of vessel involvement, size of the affected vessels, extent of vascular injury, and underlying pathology determine the disease phenotype and severity. This review explores the classification and general features of pediatric vasculitis as well as the clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and therapeutic options for the most common vasculitides.

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“…While bacterial infections, especially due to Streptococcus pneumoniae , are critically important, viral causes are also associated with a substantial proportion of ALRI [3-7]. Viral infections can exacerbate chronic or recurring respiratory conditions, including asthma, thus representing an additional burden of respiratory viruses [8,9]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of respiratory viral infections in two long-term refugee camps in Kenya, 2007-2010

et al. 2012

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BackgroundRefugees are at risk for poor outcomes from acute respiratory infections (ARI) because of overcrowding, suboptimal living conditions, and malnutrition. We implemented surveillance for respiratory viruses in Dadaab and Kakuma refugee camps in Kenya to characterize their role in the epidemiology of ARI among refugees.MethodsFrom 1 September 2007 through 31 August 2010, we obtained nasopharyngeal (NP) and oropharyngeal (OP) specimens from patients with influenza-like illness (ILI) or severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) and tested them by RT-PCR for adenovirus (AdV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus (hMPV), parainfluenza viruses (PIV), and influenza A and B viruses. Definitions for ILI and SARI were adapted from those of the World Health Organization. Proportions of cases associated with viral aetiology were calculated by camp and by clinical case definition. In addition, for children < 5 years only, crude estimates of rates due to SARI per 1000 were obtained.ResultsWe tested specimens from 1815 ILI and 4449 SARI patients (median age = 1 year). Proportion positive for virus were AdV, 21.7%; RSV, 12.5%; hMPV, 5.7%; PIV, 9.4%; influenza A, 9.7%; and influenza B, 2.6%; 49.8% were positive for at least one virus. The annual rate of SARI hospitalisation for 2007-2010 was 57 per 1000 children per year. Virus-positive hospitalisation rates were 14 for AdV; 9 for RSV; 6 for PIV; 4 for hMPV; 5 for influenza A; and 1 for influenza B. The rate of SARI hospitalisation was highest in children < 1 year old (156 per 1000 child-years). The ratio of rates for children < 1 year and 1 to < 5 years old was 3.7:1 for AdV, 5.5:1 for RSV, 4.4:1 for PIV, 5.1:1 for hMPV, 3.2:1 for influenza A, and 2.2:1 for influenza B. While SARI hospitalisation rates peaked from November to February in Dadaab, no distinct seasonality was observed in Kakuma.ConclusionsRespiratory viral infections, particularly RSV and AdV, were associated with high rates of illness and make up a substantial portion of respiratory infection in these two refugee settings.

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Temporal Association of Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Parainfluenza Pediatric Hospitalizations and Hospitalized Cases of Henoch-Schönlein Purpura

Abstract: Our results demonstrate a local month by month temporal association between hospitalization for GABS, S. aureus, and parainfluenza and hospitalization for HSP. Future investigations will be required to determine causality.

Cited by 60 publications

References 42 publications

Henoch-Schönlein Purpura: A Literature Review

Henoch-Schönlein Purpura: A Literature Review

Pediatric Vasculitis

Epidemiology of respiratory viral infections in two long-term refugee camps in Kenya, 2007-2010

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