Temporal changes in dietary fats: Role of n−6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in excessive adipose tissue development and relationship to obesity

Ailhaud, Gérard; Massiéra, Florence; Weill, Pierre; Legrand, Philippe; Alessandri, Jean-Marc; Guesnet, Philippe

doi:10.1016/j.plipres.2006.01.003

Cited by 405 publications

(435 citation statements)

References 260 publications

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“…In our experiments, LA represented 18% and LNA 0.6% of the total energy intake compared with 5-7% and 0.8-1%, respectively, recommended for humans by expert committees on nutrition. Unfortunately, a signifi cantly higher LA intake and much lower LNA intake are frequently observed in most industrialized countries ( 3,9 ). Our results show that, in a situation of genome stability that is reminiscent of augmentation in the prevalence of obesity observed worldwide, a gradual transgenerational increase in adiposity can occur in mice fed a Western-like fat diet.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…Notably, at a time where overweightness and obesity have steadily increased over generations in most industrialized countries, consumption of LA and ARA has increased. In France, an increase of 250% and 230%, respectively, occurred from 1960 to 2000 ( 9 ). During the same period, consumption of LNA has decreased by 40%, resulting in a 4.2-fold increase in the LA:LNA ratio.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Western-like fat diet is sufficient to induce a gradual enhancement in fat mass over generations

Massiéra

Barbry

Guesnet

et al. 2010

Journal of Lipid Research

166

128

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This article is available online at http://www.jlr.org able to genetic factors as it has occurred relatively recently and is observed in a wide range of human populations. High-fat diets are considered to be obesogenic in that they produce a consistent increase in fat mass that is directly related to the content of the diet and duration of feeding. However, the contribution of dietary fats compared with an excess energy intake in increasing body weight remains controversial, as no major change in the total amount of ingested fats has occurred in the last two decades ( 1, 2 ).In addition to caloric excess, a qualitative issue has emerged as a risk factor for obesity in rodents and possibly in humans; i.e., the disequilibrium in polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolism with a high ratio of linoleic acid (C18:2 6, LA) versus ␣ -linolenic acid (C18:3 3, LNA) ( 3 ). Notably, in rodents, reducing this ratio from 59 to 2 under isolipidic, isoenergetic conditions (40% energy as fat) by inclusion of dietary LNA counteracted the enhancing effects of LA on body weight and fat mass, which then became similar to that observed with a chow diet ( 4 ).6 PUFAs were more potent than 3 PUFAs in promoting adipogenesis ( 5-7 ). When combined with high carbohydrate content, a linoleic acid-enriched diet was found to be pro-adipogenic in vivo through cAMP-dependent signaling ( 8 ). LA acts through arachidonic acid (C20:4 6, ARA) and prostacyclin, as pups from mice invalidated for the prostacyclin receptor (IP-R) and fed a LA-rich diet exhibit reduced body weight and fat mass compared with wild-type mice fed the same diet ( 4 ). Overall, these results emphasize the importance of adipose tissue development Abstract The prevalence of obesity has steadily increased over the last few decades. During this time, populations of industrialized countries have been exposed to diets rich in fat with a high content of linoleic acid and a low content of ␣ -linolenic acid compared with recommended intake. To assess the contribution of dietary fatty acids, male and female mice fed a high-fat diet (35% energy as fat, linoleic acid: ␣ -linolenic acid ratio of 28) were mated randomly and maintained after breeding on the same diet for successive generations. Offspring showed, over four generations, a gradual enhancement in fat mass due to combined hyperplasia and hypertrophy with no change in food intake. Transgenerational alterations in adipokine levels were accompa nied by hyperinsulinemia. Gene expression analyses of the stromal vascular fraction of adipose tissue, over generations, revealed discrete and steady changes in certain important players, such as CSF3 and Nocturnin. Thus, under conditions of genome stability and with no change in the regimen over four generations, we show that a Western-like fat diet induces a gradual fat mass enhancement, in accordance with the increasing prevalence of obesity observed in humans. -Massiera, F., P. Barbry, P. Guesnet, A. Joly, S. The prevalence of obesity and the risk of developing associated diseases ha...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Western-like fat diet is sufficient to induce a gradual enhancement in fat mass over generations

Massiéra

Barbry

Guesnet

et al. 2010

Journal of Lipid Research

166

128

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…17 The presence of overweight or obesity in adolescents and their associated risks with blood lipid analysis shows that the correlation between systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol all track significantly from childhood into adulthood. [18][19][20][21] In addition, BP and blood cholesterol concentration seem to be slightly lower in breastfed infants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic questionnaire and clinical assessment in the HELENA Cross-Sectional Study: methodology

et al. 2008

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Rationale: Environmental factors such as dietary habits, breastfeeding, socioeconomic conditions and educational factors are strong influences on nutritional and puberty status, physical activity, food choices and their interactions. Several diseases of adulthood seem to be linked to, or to originate from, lifestyle in childhood and adolescence. Objective: The aims of this study are to describe birth parameters and socioeconomic factors and to assess clinical status in adolescents aged 13-16 years from 10 European countries participating in the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) Cross-Sectional Study (CSS). Methodology: A self-report questionnaire on the socioeconomic status, a parental questionnaire concerning neonatal period and also a case report form (CRF), in which clinical items during clinical examination (such as medical history, treatments, anthropometry, Tanner staging, blood pressure, heart rate) were assessed. To develop these documents, first a list of items was established, a search of existing documents was performed and the advice of local and international experts was taken. All documents (questionnaires and an operations manual) were discussed in plenary HELENA meetings; a final version of these documents was fixed, and the process of translation and back translation was performed. Results:The questionnaires and CRF were tested for validation in all 10 participant cities; 208 adolescents were enrolled during the pilot study. All items that caused problems or questions in one or more participating centers or were completed by o 85% of the adolescents were reviewed before the beginning of the HELENA-CSS. Conclusion: These final questionnaires and CRF will contribute to better understanding of the inequalities in nutrition, behavior and health in the European adolescent population. The experience and process should be useful for other multicenter studies.

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“…En France, un apport minimum en 18:2n-6 de 2,7 % de l'energie (6 % des acides gras totaux du lait) a ete retenu (ANC acides gras, 2011). Il a ete par ailleurs propose une limite superieure d'apport en cet AGPI (11 % de l'energie soit environ 25 % des acides gras totaux) en s'appuyant sur les teneurs les plus elevees trouvees dans le lait humain (Jensen, 1996 ;Ailhaud et al, 2006). L'importance nutritionnelle de l'acide a-linolenique (18:3n-3) repose surtout sur le fait que son principal derive metabolique a longue chaîne, le DHA, exerce des effets favorables sur les fonctions cerebrales et visuelles (Alessandri et al, 2004).…”

Section: Abstract: Lipids In Infant Nutritionunclassified

“…En effet, ces teneurs sont assez elevees, notamment pour l'acide linoleique qui represente de 13 a 20 % des acides gras totaux, voire jusqu'a 30 %. Cette valeur elevee resulte de la legislation autorisant l'utilisation exclusive d'huiles vegetales pour la formulation lipidique des laits infantiles (Ailhaud et al, 2006). Afin de maintenir un rapport equilibre entre les 2 familles d'AGPI (rapport 18:2n-6/18:3n-3 de 5 a 10), la teneur en 18:3n-3 a donc ete egalement augmentee (entre 2 et 3 % des acides gras totaux).…”

Section: Abstract: Lipids In Infant Nutritionunclassified

Place des lipides dans l’alimentation du nourrisson

Guesnet¹,

Ailhaud

Delplanque

et al. 2013

Cahiers de Nutrition et de Diététique

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Temporal changes in dietary fats: Role of n−6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in excessive adipose tissue development and relationship to obesity

Cited by 405 publications

References 260 publications

A Western-like fat diet is sufficient to induce a gradual enhancement in fat mass over generations

A Western-like fat diet is sufficient to induce a gradual enhancement in fat mass over generations

Socioeconomic questionnaire and clinical assessment in the HELENA Cross-Sectional Study: methodology

Place des lipides dans l’alimentation du nourrisson

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