Temporal changes in soil properties at an upland Scottish site between 1956 and 1997

Miller, J. David; Duff, E. I.; Hirst, David; Anderson, Helen; Bell, John; Henderson, Drew

doi:10.1016/s0048-9697(00)00646-x

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The minimum concentrations of DOC occurred between January and March. Similar seasonal trends have been observed for other upland sites with peat soils, e.g., North Pennines, U.K. ( , ). The DOC concentrations (Figure ) are weakly related to soil moisture (Figure S2), suggesting that late summer peaks of DOC are not necessarily related to soil drying.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

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Model Assessment of Biogeochemical Controls on Dissolved Organic Carbon Partitioning in an Acid Organic Soil

Lumsdon¹,

Stutter²,

Cooper³

et al. 2005

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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A chemical model (constructed in the ORCHESTRA modeling framework) of an organic soil horizon was used to describe soil solution data (10 cm depth) and assess if seasonal variations in soil solution dissolved organic carbon (DOC) could be explained by purely abiotic (geochemical controls) mechanisms or whether factors related to biological activity are needed. The NICA-Donnan equation is used to describe the competitive binding of protons and cations and the charge on soil organic matter. Controls on organic matter solubility are surface charge and a parameter, gamma, that accounts for the distribution of humic molecules between hydrophobic and hydrophilic fractions. Calculations show that the variations in solute chemistry alone are not sufficient to account for the observed variations of DOC, but factors that alter gamma, such as biological activity, are. Assuming that DOC in organic soils is derived from soluble humic material and that gamma is modified seasonally due to biological activity (with monthly soil temperature used as a surrogate for biological activity) we are able to model the observed seasonality of soil solution DOC over a 10-year period. Furthermore, with modeled DOC coupled to other geochemical processes we also model soil solution pH and Al concentrations.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Examination of the rainfall chemistry revealed that this acidic episode was caused by a pulse of NaCl. The general trend of increasing pH over the time period 1993 to 2003 has been attributed to a decline in sulfate acidity at the site ( , ) and will not be considered any further.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model Assessment of Biogeochemical Controls on Dissolved Organic Carbon Partitioning in an Acid Organic Soil

Lumsdon¹,

Stutter²,

Cooper³

et al. 2005

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Soil acidification results from internal processes such as soil forming and forest growth, but the increased acidification rates in European forests over the past 50 years are generally attributed to a high deposition of acidifying pollutants (e.g. Falkengren‐Grerup 1987; Miller et al 2001; De Schrijver et al 2006). Therefore, the observed decrease in soil pH in the Meerdaal forest is not surprising given the limited buffer capacity of the prevailing soils and high loads of acidifying deposition in northern Belgium, which is still among the highest in Europe (UNECE‐EC 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herb layer changes (1954‐2000) related to the conversion of coppice‐with‐standards forest and soil acidification

Baeten

Bauwens²,

Schrijver

et al. 2009

Applied Vegetation Science

103

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Question: Did the composition of the herb layer of a deciduous forest on loamy soils sensitive to soil acidification change between 1954 and 2000? How are these change related to the abandonment of traditional coppice-with-standards forest management and increased soil acidification? Location: Central Belgium (Europe). Methods: Twenty semi-permanent phytosociological quadrats from an ancient deciduous forest (Meerdaal forest) were carefully selected out of a total of 70 plots dating from 1954 and were revisited in 2000. Species composition and soil pH H2O were recorded using an analogous methodology. The studied period coincides with a period of forest conversion from coppice-with-standards towards a high forest structure and with an increase in acidifying and eutrophying deposition. Results: Between 1954 and 2000, species composition of the herb layer changed significantly. Redundancy analysis pointed to increased shade resulting from shifts in cover and species composition of the shrub and tree layer as the main driving force. Soil acidity increased and the majority of plots entered the aluminium buffer range, which potentially affected herb layer composition. Observations at the species level, especially a strong decrease in cover of the vernal species Anemone nemorosa supported this hypothesis. Conclusions: Our results show significant shifts in the forest herb layer in less than five decades. These shifts were related to an alteration in the traditional forest management regime and increased soil acidity. Whereas the effect of a changed management regime can be mitigated, soil acidification is less reversible. Testing the generality of these patterns on more extensive data sets is certainly needed

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“…Our modelled SOC with the longer half‐life had no net visible change for 880 years, but with the shorter half‐life, net SOC change was visible after 240 years. These durations are in good agreement with the 200 years found necessary to detect change in Scotland (Miller et al ., ).…”

Section: Logging and Soc In Eucalyptus Regnans Forestmentioning

confidence: 97%

Conventional intensive logging promotes loss of organic carbon from the mineral soil

Dean

Kirkpatrick

Friedland

2016

Global Change Biology

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There are few data, but diametrically opposed opinions, about the impacts of forest logging on soil organic carbon (SOC). Reviews and research articles conclude either that there is no effect, or show contradictory effects. Given that SOC is a substantial store of potential greenhouse gasses and forest logging and harvesting is routine, resolution is important. We review forest logging SOC studies and provide an overarching conceptual explanation for their findings. The literature can be separated into short-term empirical studies, longer-term empirical studies and long-term modelling. All modelling that includes major aboveground and belowground biomass pools shows a long-term (i.e. ≥300 years) decrease in SOC when a primary forest is logged and then subjected to harvesting cycles. The empirical longer-term studies indicate likewise. With successive harvests the net emission accumulates but is only statistically perceptible after centuries. Short-term SOC flux varies around zero. The long-term drop in SOC in the mineral soil is driven by the biomass drop from the primary forest level but takes time to adjust to the new temporal average biomass. We show agreement between secondary forest SOC stocks derived purely from biomass information and stocks derived from complex forest harvest modelling. Thus, conclusions that conventional harvests do not deplete SOC in the mineral soil have been a function of their short time frames. Forest managers, climate change modellers and environmental policymakers need to assume a long-term net transfer of SOC from the mineral soil to the atmosphere when primary forests are logged and then undergo harvest cycles. However, from a greenhouse accounting perspective, forest SOC is not the entire story. Forest wood products that ultimately reach landfill, and some portion of which produces some soil-like material there rather than in the forest, could possibly help attenuate the forest SOC emission by adding to a carbon pool in landfill.

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Temporal changes in soil properties at an upland Scottish site between 1956 and 1997

Cited by 15 publications

References 18 publications

Model Assessment of Biogeochemical Controls on Dissolved Organic Carbon Partitioning in an Acid Organic Soil

Model Assessment of Biogeochemical Controls on Dissolved Organic Carbon Partitioning in an Acid Organic Soil

Herb layer changes (1954‐2000) related to the conversion of coppice‐with‐standards forest and soil acidification

Conventional intensive logging promotes loss of organic carbon from the mineral soil

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