Temporal Clinical Chemistry and Microscopic Renal Effects Following Acute Uranyl Acetate Exposure

Zimmerman, Kurt; Barber, David S.; Ehrich, Marion; Tobias, L.; Hancock, Sandra; Hinckley, Jonathan; Binder, Ellen M.; Jortner, Bernard S.

doi:10.1080/01926230701748446

Cited by 26 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Biochemical parameters (creatinine, urea, BUN) were normal compared with control in animals treated with 2 and 4 mg/kg after 1 d and also no histopathological alternations such as tubular damage was observed. A similar study performed on rat showed that at low doses of 0.1, 0.3, and 1 mg/kg (single exposure) of uranyl acetate via intra muscular route did not show any significant increase in serum creatinine and BUN compared with control after 24 h. 15 In contrast, a study on male Wistar rats showed single injection of uranyl acetate at different doses of 0.5, 1, and2 mg/kg, i.p. (single exposure) caused a significant increase in serum blood nitrogen and creatinine levels after 1 d of dosing.…”

Section: Concentration Of Uranium In Kidney Tissuementioning

confidence: 73%

Biochemical and histopathological responses of the Swiss albino mice treated with uranyl nitrate and its recovery

et al. 2016

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Uranium is a radioactive heavy metal ubiquitous in the natural environment. In its chemical form, it is known to induce nephrotoxicity both in human and in animals. Its toxicity is dose and time dependent, also varies with form of uranium. In the present study, we assessed the nephrotoxicity induced by a single dose of uranyl nitrate (UN) in mice at different time intervals and recovery from its toxicity. Two doses of 2 and 4 mg/kg body weight of uranyl nitrate was injected intraperitoneally and animals were sacrificed after 1, 3, 5, 14, and 28 d of administration. Histopathological and biochemical alterations of post-UN dosing in comparison to control were evaluated. Tubular damage to about 75% was observed after 3 d (4 mg/kg) and the biochemical parameters such as serum creatinine, urea, and blood urea nitrogen levels were also significantly increased. Progression of tubular damage was not found after 5 d. Dose-dependent recovery of uranyl nitrate-treated animals was observed after 14 and 28 d of dosing. The concentration of uranium retained in kidney correlates with biochemical and histopathological analysis.

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Section: Concentration Of Uranium In Kidney Tissuementioning

confidence: 73%

Biochemical and histopathological responses of the Swiss albino mice treated with uranyl nitrate and its recovery

et al. 2016

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“…Rats exposed to uranyl acetate (1 mg/kg injected) demonstrated tubular necrosis and changes in blood chemistry reflecting renal compromise. After 30 days regeneration had taken place, however, cortical scarring and interstitial nephritis persisted [35]. Treatment of uranium intoxication involves removal of the source of exposure and supportive treatment.…”

Section: Acute High Dose Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

The Toxicity of Depleted Uranium

Briner

2010

IJERPH

130

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Depleted uranium (DU) is an emerging environmental pollutant that is introduced into the environment primarily by military activity. While depleted uranium is less radioactive than natural uranium, it still retains all the chemical toxicity associated with the original element. In large doses the kidney is the target organ for the acute chemical toxicity of this metal, producing potentially lethal tubular necrosis. In contrast, chronic low dose exposure to depleted uranium may not produce a clear and defined set of symptoms. Chronic low-dose, or subacute, exposure to depleted uranium alters the appearance of milestones in developing organisms. Adult animals that were exposed to depleted uranium during development display persistent alterations in behavior, even after cessation of depleted uranium exposure. Adult animals exposed to depleted uranium demonstrate altered behaviors and a variety of alterations to brain chemistry. Despite its reduced level of radioactivity evidence continues to accumulate that depleted uranium, if ingested, may pose a radiologic hazard. The current state of knowledge concerning DU is discussed.

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“…Contamination of groundwater and soil with uranium has resulted from anthropogenic activities such as uranium mining and milling and processing of uranium for nuclear weapons and energy programs [ Wolbarst et al ., ; National Research Council (NRC) , ], as well as from natural processes in rock, soil, and water. Uranium contamination causes health risks and presents serious public health concerns [ Zimmerman et al ., ; NRC , ]. A great deal of resources has been directed toward identifying efficient in situ strategies to remove soluble U(VI) from groundwater, including promotion of in situ biological reduction (see summaries in Fang et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pore‐scale evaluation of uranyl phosphate precipitation in a model groundwater system

Fanizza

Yoon

Zhang

et al. 2013

Water Resources Research

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[1] The abiotic precipitation of uranium (U(VI)) was evaluated in a microfluidic pore network (i.e., micromodel) to assess the efficacy of using a phosphate amendment to immobilize uranium in groundwater. U(VI) was mixed transverse to the direction of flow with hydrogen phosphate (HPO 4 2À ), in the presence or absence of calcium (Ca 2þ ) or sulfate (SO 4 2À ), in order to identify precipitation rates, morphology and types of minerals formed, and effects of mineral precipitates on pore blockage. Precipitation occurred over the time scale of hours to days. Relative to when only U(VI) and HPO 4 2À were present, precipitation rates were 2.3 times slower when SO 4 2À was present, and 1.4 times faster when Ca 2þ was present; larger crystals formed in the presence of SO 4 2À. Raman backscattering spectroscopy and micro-X-ray diffraction results both showed that the only mineral precipitated was chernikovite, UO 2 HPO 4 Á 4H 2 O; energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy results indicate that Ca and S are not incorporated into the chernikovite lattice. A pore-scale model was developed, and simulation results of saturation ratio (SR ¼ Q/K sp ) suggest that chernikovite is the least thermodynamically favored mineral to precipitate (0 < SR < 1) compared to uranyl hydrogen phosphate and Na-autunite (13 < SR < 40), and uranyl orthophosphate and Ca-autunite (when Ca 2þ is present; SR > 10 5 ). Fluorescent tracer studies and laser confocal microscopy images showed that densely aggregated precipitates blocked pores and reduced permeability. The results suggest that uranium precipitation with phosphate as chernikovite is rapid on the time scale of remediation for the conditions considered and can block pores, alter fluid flow paths, and potentially limit mixing and precipitation.

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Temporal Clinical Chemistry and Microscopic Renal Effects Following Acute Uranyl Acetate Exposure

Cited by 26 publications

References 26 publications

Biochemical and histopathological responses of the Swiss albino mice treated with uranyl nitrate and its recovery

Biochemical and histopathological responses of the Swiss albino mice treated with uranyl nitrate and its recovery

The Toxicity of Depleted Uranium

Pore‐scale evaluation of uranyl phosphate precipitation in a model groundwater system

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