Temporal color contrast guides emmetropization in chick

Watts, Nathaniel; Taylor, Christopher; Rucker, Frances J

doi:10.1016/j.exer.2020.108331

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“… 44 Evidence indicates that the emmetropization process uses wavelength-dependent defocus and chromatic signals from longitudinal chromatic aberration. 10 , 11 , 45 Given that protan eyes have low sensitivity to long wavelengths, an image position is favored that is in front of that favored for CN eyes. 46 This could lead to shorter axial lengths and lower degrees of myopia for the protan eyes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 8 Other evidence suggests that the spectral composition of ambient light may affect emmetropization and ocular growth. 9 – 11 For example, exposure to lights with longer wavelengths increases eye growth and induces myopic development in chicks 10 and guinea pigs 12 but induces hyperopia in tree shrews and monkeys. 13 – 15 …”

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confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, deuteranopia is characterized by the presence of L- and S- cones and deuteranomaly by M- cones being replaced by a hybrid cone with a spectral sensitivity intermediate between L- and M- cones. 16 Therefore relative to CN and given that a growing body of literature shows that emmetropization is sensitive to chromatic cues, 9 , 11 , 20 , 21 it is reasonable to predict that refractive status may differ between people with CVD and CN.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Association Between Color Vision Deficiency and Myopia in Chinese Children Over a Five-Year Period

Gan

Atchison

et al. 2022

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Purpose To explore the relationship of color vision deficiency with myopia progression and axial elongation in Chinese primary school children during a five-year cohort study. Methods A total of 2849 grade 1 students (aged 7.1 ± 0.4 years) from 11 primary schools were enrolled and followed up for five years. Cycloplegic autorefraction and axial length were measured annually. Color vision testing was performed using Ishihara's test and the City University color vision test. Results The prevalence of color vision deficiency was 1.68%, with 2.81% in boys and 0.16% in girls. Color-deficient cases consisted of 91.6% deutan and 8.3% protan. Over the five years, the cumulative incidence of myopia was 35.4% (17/48) in the color-vision deficiency group, which was lower than the 56.7% (1017/1794) in the color normal group ( P = 0.004). Over the five-year study period, the change in spherical equivalent refraction in the color vision–deficiency group (−1.81 D) was also significantly lower than that in the color normal group (−2.41 D) ( P = 0.002). Conclusions The lower incidence and slower progression of myopia in children with color-vision deficiency over the five-year follow-up period suggest that color-deficient individuals are less susceptible to myopia onset and development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Association Between Color Vision Deficiency and Myopia in Chinese Children Over a Five-Year Period

Gan

Atchison

et al. 2022

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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“…To that end, the results from this study indicate a possibility of exploiting the dependence of the emmetropization mechanism on a full spectrum of wavelengths to deliberately direct the mechanism to guide eyes toward hyperopia. However, the processing of wavelength cues by the emmetropization mechanism may be more complex and could involve a combination of strategies, including sensitivity to SWS cones, 67 temporal frequency, colour contrast 68,69 and spatial and temporal luminance contrast 70 . It is also possible that the emmetropization mechanism uses additional cues besides LCA to achieve or maintain emmetropia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amber light treatment produces hyperopia in tree shrews

Khanal

Norton

Gawne

2021

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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Purpose Exposure to narrow‐band red light, which stimulates only the long‐wavelength sensitive (LWS) cones, slows axial eye growth and produces hyperopia in tree shrews and macaque monkeys. We asked whether exposure to amber light, which also stimulates only the LWS cones but with a greater effective illuminance than red light, has a similar hyperopia‐inducing effect in tree shrews. Methods Starting at 24 ± 1 days of visual experience, 15 tree shrews (dichromatic mammals closely related to primates) received light treatment through amber filters (BPI 500/550 dyed acrylic) either atop the cage (Filter group, n = 8, 300–400 human lux) or fitted into goggles in front of both eyes (Goggle group, n = 7). Non‐cycloplegic refractive error and axial ocular dimensions were measured daily. Treatment groups were compared with age‐matched animals (Colony group, n = 7) raised in standard colony fluorescent lighting (100–300 lux). Results At the start of treatment, mean refractive errors were well‐matched across the three groups (p = 0.35). During treatment, the Filter group became progressively more hyperopic with age (p < 0.001). By contrast, the Goggle and Colony groups showed continued normal emmetropization. When the treatment ended, the Filter group exhibited significantly greater hyperopia (mean [SE] = 3.5 [0.6] D) compared with the Goggle (0.2 [0.8] D, p = 0.01) and Colony groups (1.0 [0.2] D, p = 0.01). However, the refractive error in the Goggle group was not different from that in the Colony group (p = 0.35). Changes in the vitreous chamber were consistent with the refractive error changes. Conclusions Exposure to ambient amber light produced substantial hyperopia in the Filter group but had no effect on refractive error in the Goggle group. The lack of effect in the Goggle group could be due to the simultaneous activation of the short‐wavelength sensitive (SWS) and LWS cones caused by the scattering of the broad‐band light from the periphery of the goggles.

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