Temporal determination of heavy metals in PM2.5 aerosols in a suburban site of Athens, Greece

Vasilakos, Chirstos; Pateraki, St.; Veros, Dimitrios; Maggos, Thomas; Michopoulos, John G.; Saraga, Dikaia; Helmis, C. G.

doi:10.1007/s10874-006-9058-2

Cited by 32 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Studies on the levels and composition of airborne particulate matter (PM 2.5 , PM 10 , and their polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon content) and volatile organic compounds have been conducted in Greater Cairo, but there have been no investigations of the elemental content of PM 2.5 collected in the city's urban areas involving analysis by secondary target energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (EDXRF). EDXRF has previously been used to study the elemental composition of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) from other developing countries (Vietnam, China, Pakistan, Tanzania, and Kenya) as well as some cities in European countries . It is worth mentioning that in addition to its air pollution problems, Greater Cairo suffers from high levels of ground pollution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the elemental composition of PM_2.5 in central Cairo, Egypt

et al. 2013

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Aerosol particles are among the criteria pollutants identified by many countries because of their effects on human health and the environment. Information about the elemental composition of the aerosol particles is useful for source apportionment and determining the possible negative effects of the particulate air pollution. In this study, fine aerosol particles (PM 2.5 ) were collected over 24 h once a week at roof level at the National Research Center in the center of Cairo, Egypt, between September 2010 and May 2011 using a cyclonic sampler. The site is representative of urban residential areas in the center of this megacity. Elemental determination was performed using an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer with a Mo secondary target, and the measured concentrations were evaluated using the quantitative X-ray analysis system/AXIL software package. The concentrations of 16 elements were determined in the collected aerosol samples, although some were generally not present at levels above the method's limit of detection. The concentrations of many of the elements exceeded those in other urban environments. The concentration of Pb was 95 AE 200 ng/m 3 , well below the Egyptian legal limit of 500 ng/m 3 . This represents a significant decrease since 1997, when concentrations above 3 mg/m 3 were measured. The decrease is due to the banning of Pb in vehicle fuel in 1997 and the movement of Pb smelters from the central part of Cairo in 2002. Analysis of the elemental concentrations revealed seasonal variation in their levels and possible sources of the emissions, and enabled us to estimate their effects on human health.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the elemental composition of PM_2.5 in central Cairo, Egypt

et al. 2013

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“…mainly natural origin. On factor 4, the main contribution of As and to a lesser extent of Ba and Zn implies the existence of sources related to vehicle traffic, while the presence of Cu and Zn on factor 5 is associated with the road dust resuspension [39]. Regarding factor 6, the significant contribution of Cd and Cr may be attributed to abrasion of plated surfaces (fragments of the coating of metal surfaces or galvanized paints).…”

Section: Enrichment Factors and Principal Component Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Contamination and Potential Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Heavy Metals in House Settled Dust Collected from Residences of Young Children

et al. 2021

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House settled dust (HSD) contains various hazardous materials, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and metals. Exposure to toxicants contained in HSD is of paramount concern especially in the case of young children, due to their particular behavioral characteristics. In this context, extracts of sieved vacuum cleaner dust from 20 residences with young children were examined for the presence of PAHs and trace metals, in Athens, Greece. The results indicated that PAHs and metals were ubiquitous in the studied residences. The calculated enrichment factors (EF) of trace metals indicated that Cu, Se, Zn, Hg, Cd, and Pb were mainly of anthropogenic. According to the PCA analysis, the main sources of household dust were: smoking inside the houses, combustion processes, resuspension of soil dust, and vehicle traffic. In general, the cancer risk due to PAHs exposure was found lower than the threshold value. The ingestion of house dust was the most important route of exposure to metals. The dose of almost all elements for the children was found 1–2 orders of magnitude lower than the corresponding reference values. Both the carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risks of exposure were within the safety limits.

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“…Metals in PM 2.5 have been the object of study in other countries like England (Heal et al 2005), India (Joseph et al 2012), USA (Martuzevicius et al 2004), and Greece (Vasilakos et al 2007) (Table 4). The order of the concentrations agrees with this study with iron being the most abundant and nickel the least abundant.…”

Section: Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy Metal Content in PM_2.5Air Samples Collected in the Metropolitan Area of Monterrey, México

Badillo-Castañeda

Garza-Ocañas

Garza-Ulloa

et al. 2015

Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal

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The air PM 2.5 concentration and its heavy metal content (Fe, Pb, Mn, Ni, As) were measured in the Metropolitan Area of Monterrey, Méxicoin Mexico, an area that is characterized by both very active and diverse industrial activity and intense highway traffic and industrial activity. The 24-h PM 2.5 samples were collected in two different zones during a 1-year-long measurement program (February 2008-February 2009). The year PM 2.5 average was above 15 µg/m 3 exceeding Mexican and international standards. The difference of PM 2.5 in each zone was not statistically significant. The greatest metal content was for iron, followed by lead, manganese, nickel and arsenic. The difference in metal content for Pb, Mn, and As was statistically significant.

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Temporal determination of heavy metals in PM2.5 aerosols in a suburban site of Athens, Greece

Cited by 32 publications

References 27 publications

On the elemental composition of PM_2.5 in central Cairo, Egypt

On the elemental composition of PM_2.5 in central Cairo, Egypt

Contamination and Potential Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Heavy Metals in House Settled Dust Collected from Residences of Young Children

Heavy Metal Content in PM_2.5Air Samples Collected in the Metropolitan Area of Monterrey, México

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Temporal determination of heavy metals in PM2.5 aerosols in a suburban site of Athens, Greece

Cited by 32 publications

References 27 publications

On the elemental composition of PM2.5 in central Cairo, Egypt

On the elemental composition of PM2.5 in central Cairo, Egypt

Contamination and Potential Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Heavy Metals in House Settled Dust Collected from Residences of Young Children

Heavy Metal Content in PM2.5Air Samples Collected in the Metropolitan Area of Monterrey, México

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On the elemental composition of PM_2.5 in central Cairo, Egypt

On the elemental composition of PM_2.5 in central Cairo, Egypt

Heavy Metal Content in PM_2.5Air Samples Collected in the Metropolitan Area of Monterrey, México