Temporal evolution of vigilance in roe deer

José, Cristina San; Lovari, Sandro; Ferrari, N.

doi:10.1016/s0376-6357(96)00033-2

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In males, social vigilance increased markedly as the mating season approached, a pattern confirming predictions made by Kunz et al (1998) in a study in the greater spear-nosed bat {Phyllostomus hastatus). Similar results were found in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus; San Jose et al 1996). Presumably, our data are mostly explained by territorial aggressive behavior such as fights and the constant displays done by males, reflecting their need to remain alert to intruders and monitor mates (San Jose et al 1996;Kunz et al 1998).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Similar results were found in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus; San Jose et al 1996). Presumably, our data are mostly explained by territorial aggressive behavior such as fights and the constant displays done by males, reflecting their need to remain alert to intruders and monitor mates (San Jose et al 1996;Kunz et al 1998). As the mating season approached, females no longer devoted the majority of their time to interaction with their offspring, as was the case during the earlier part of the study period, but on average became more alert to the events in their vicinity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Another explanation could be that predators target nonvigilant individuals; however, it is very difficult for predators to approach flying-foxes without being detected. Overall, flying-foxes displayed very low levels of vigilance across time, space, and the sexes, compared to other terrestrial mammals previously studied such as roe deer (San Jose et al 1996), elk (Childress and Lung 2003), and kangaroos (Pays and Jarman 2008), which exhibit up to five times the frequency of vigilance (about 6.5, 3.0, and 5.5 vigilant bouts per 300 s, respectively). Very low vigilance frequencies have been found, however, in very large mammals such as giraffes (Cameron and Du Toit 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

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Spatio-temporal vigilance architecture of an Australian flying-fox colony

Klose

Welbergen

Goldizen

et al. 2008

Behav Ecol Sociobiol

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The social structure of animal aggregations may vary considerably in both space and time, yet little is known about how this affects vigilance. Here, we investigate the vigilance architecture of a colony of wild-living grey-headed flying-foxes (Pteropus poliocephalus) in Australia and examine how spatial as well as temporal variation in social organization influences social and environmental vigilance. We sampled color-marked individuals at different stages of the reproductive cycle and the year and at different locations in the colony to examine the effects of temporal and spatial factors on social and environmental vigilance. We found that vigilance architecture reflected the social structure of the colony, with the highest environmental vigilance being displayed by bats at the periphery of the colony, and the highest social vigilance by bats that roosted at intermediate distances from the colony's edge. Furthermore, we found that vigilance levels

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Spatio-temporal vigilance architecture of an Australian flying-fox colony

Klose

Welbergen

Goldizen

et al. 2008

Behav Ecol Sociobiol

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“…These studies related increased locomotor activity and restlessness behaviour with negative stimuli. Furthermore, increased ear movements and specific ear postures were found with negative situations [13,14,16] and possibly mediated by the animals' attention [11,14,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Housing conditions influence cortical and behavioural reactions of sheep in response to videos showing social interactions of different valence

Vögeli¹,

Wolf²,

Wechsler

et al. 2015

Behavioural Brain Research

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Mood, as a long-term affective state, is thought to modulate short-term emotional reactions in animals, but the details of this interplay have hardly been investigated experimentally. Apart from a basic interest in this affective system, mood is likely to have an important impact on animal welfare, as bad mood may taint all emotional experience. In the present study about mood -emotion interaction, 29 sheep were kept under predictable, stimulus-rich or unpredictable, stimulus-poor housing conditions, to induce different mood states. In an experiment, the animals were confronted with video sequences of social interactions of conspecifics showing agonistic interactions, ruminating or tolerantly co-feeding as stimuli of different valences. Emotional reactions were assessed by measuring frontal brain activity using functional near-infrared spectroscopy and by recording behavioral reactions. Attentiveness of the sheep decreased from videos showing agonistic interactions toruminating sheep to those displaying co-feeding sheep. Seeing agonistic interactions was also associated with a deactivation of the frontal cortex, specifically in animals living under predictable, stimulus-rich housing conditions. These sheep generally showed less attentiveness and locomotor activity and they had their ears in a forward position less often and in a backward position more often than the sheep from the unpredictable, stimulus-poor conditions. Housing conditions influenced how the sheep behaved, which can either be thought to be mediated by mood or by the animals' previous experience with stimulusrichness in their housing conditions. Frontal cortical activity may not depend on valence only, but also on the perceptual channel through which the stimuli were perceived.

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“…In winter, roe deer of both sexes become gregarious, especially when exploiting open habitats (Hewison et al 1998). The activity pattern of male and female roe deer has been studied by Turner (1979Turner ( , 1980, who conducted a preliminary analysis of the time spent in active and resting behaviours, and then conducted a more detailed analysis within the active state, whereas other studies have been conducted on vigilance (San José et al 1996) and on differences in time allocation in feeding between males and females (San José et al 1996, Flint andKrzywiñski 1997). Nevertheless, a study focused on the difference of time-budgeting in males of different age classes during the reproductive season is still lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-specific reproductive behaviours in male roe deerCapreolus capreolus

et al. 2005

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R. 2005. Age-specific reproductive behaviours in male roe deer Capreolus capreolus. Acta Theriologica 50: 445-452.The behaviour of active male roe deer Capreolus capreolus Linnaeus, 1758 was studied in a wild population on Storfosna island (Norway), during the pre-territorial and territorial seasons (February-August) of 1994. Observed behaviours were grouped in seven categories (mating, aggression, display, marking, vigilance, moving and maintenance), and the proportion of time spent in each behaviour by three age classes (yearlings, subadults and adults) was compared. Time spent in each behaviour varied significantly between months for all male age classes. From February to August, time spent in maintenance decreased, while time spent in vigilance increased. The time spent in mating increased both in adult and subadults but did not vary significantly for yearlings throughout the months. When comparing age classes within a month, there were no significant differences in time spent in each behaviour. Surprisingly, adult territorial males did not invest significantly more time in mating, with respect to yearlings and subadults. This may be consistent with the oligogynous mating system of roe deer, in which the reproductive success is divided amongst several years and their territoriality, which could be a tactic to reduce the competition for mating.

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Temporal evolution of vigilance in roe deer

Cited by 17 publications

References 5 publications

Spatio-temporal vigilance architecture of an Australian flying-fox colony

Spatio-temporal vigilance architecture of an Australian flying-fox colony

Housing conditions influence cortical and behavioural reactions of sheep in response to videos showing social interactions of different valence

Age-specific reproductive behaviours in male roe deerCapreolus capreolus

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