Temporal fluctuations of cytokine concentrations in human milk

Morais, Tassiane Cristina; Honório-França, Adenilda Cristina; Silva, Renata Rodrigues; Fujimori, Mahmi; Fagundes, Danny Laura Gomes; França, Eduardo Luzía

doi:10.1080/09291016.2015.1056434

Cited by 19 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In addition to participating in several metabolic functions, cytokines may assume modulatory, stimulatory or even inhibitory endocrine functions [15]. They act at very low concentrations, binding to specific cell membrane receptors and activating a cascade of metabolic reactions [16,17]. They may be useful markers for assessing the effects of physical exercise on the immune system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune and Hormonal Response to High-intensity Exercise During Orienteering

et al. 2019

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Orienteering is an endurance sport that combines physical and cognitive activity, during which the athlete must complete a course with several points distributed over unknown terrain in the shortest possible time. A number of studies have investigated the body’s physiological adaptations to the stress caused during competition, but not the immunological changes. To that end, the present study evaluated the immunological, physiological and pathological responses in athletes performing high-intensity physical exercise during an orienteering race. The 30 athletes tested belonged to the elite orienteering category and participated in the regional championship. Cortisol levels were determined before and after the competition to assess stress response, as were the cytokines IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-17 to evaluate the immune response. Cortisol levels increased after the competition, indicating a stress condition. IFN-γ, IL-6 and IL-10 levels also rose post competition. The results indicate that orienteers are exposed to high stress levels, and that this condition affects their immune and endocrine systems, triggering a predominantly anti-inflammatory response, likely an athlete’s mechanism of adaptation to the stress imposed by high-intensity physical exercise.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune and Hormonal Response to High-intensity Exercise During Orienteering

et al. 2019

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“…47 Another study of 24 mothers who provided milk samples at 3 days postpartum (colostrum) and 30 days postpartum (mature milk) found differences in cytokine levels based both on time of day and also maturational stage. 48 Specifically, interleukin (IL)-6 levels were higher in diurnal vs. nocturnal colostrum, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha was higher in diurnal colostrum than in mature milk. 48…”

Section: Changes In Milk Composition Over the Daymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…48 Specifically, interleukin (IL)-6 levels were higher in diurnal vs. nocturnal colostrum, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha was higher in diurnal colostrum than in mature milk. 48…”

Section: Changes In Milk Composition Over the Daymentioning

confidence: 99%

Human milk as “chrononutrition”: implications for child health and development

et al. 2019

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Human biology follows recurring daily rhythms that are governed by circadian cues in the environment. Here we show that human milk is a powerful form of "chrononutrition," formulated to communicate time-of-day information to infants. However, 85% of breastfed infants in the US consume some milk that does not come directly from the breast but is pumped and stored in advance of feeding. Expressed milk is not necessarily circadian-matched (e.g., an infant might drink breastmilk pumped in the evening on the following morning). Ingesting mistimed milk may disrupt infants' developing circadian rhythms, potentially contributing to sleep problems and decreased physiological attunement with their mothers and environments. Dysregulated circadian biology may compromise infant health and development. Despite wide-ranging public health implications, the timing of milk delivery has received little empirical study, and no major pediatric or public health organization has issued recommendations regarding the circadian-matching of milk. However, potential adverse developmental and health consequences could be ameliorated by simple, low-cost interventions to label and circadian-match stored milk. The current paper reviews evidence for human milk as chrononutrition and makes recommendations for future research, practice, and policy.

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“…Cytokine concentration is also included in this biological rhythm. Morais et al ( 2015 ) suggested that cytokines are characterized by chronobiological fluctuations. The study showed that the concentration of IL-6 was highest in colostrum in the diurnal phase and TNF-α also was in higher amount in colostrum compared to mature milk.…”

Section: Cytokines In Milkmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of environmental pollution on the quality of mother's milk

Pajewska-Szmyt

Sinkiewicz–Darol

Gadzała‐Kopciuch

2019

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Breastfeeding is a gold standard of neonate nutrition because human milk contains a lot of essential compounds crucial for proper development of a child. However, milk is also a biofluid which can contain environmental pollution, which can have effects on immune system and consequently on the various body organs. Polychlorinated biphenyls are organic pollutants which have been detected in human milk. They have lipophilic properties, so they can penetrate to fatty milk and ultimately to neonate digestive track. Another problem of interest is the presence in milk of heavy metals—arsenic, lead, cadmium, and mercury—as these compounds can lead to disorders in production of cytokines, which are important immunomodulators. The toxicants cause stimulation or suppression of this compounds. This can lead to health problems in children as allergy, disorders in the endocrine system, end even neurodevelopment delay and disorder. Consequently, correlations between pollutants and bioactive components in milk should be investigated. This article provides an overview of environmental pollutants found in human milk as well as of the consequences of cytokine disorder correlated with presence of heavy metals. Graphical abstract

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Temporal fluctuations of cytokine concentrations in human milk

Cited by 19 publications

References 36 publications

Immune and Hormonal Response to High-intensity Exercise During Orienteering

Immune and Hormonal Response to High-intensity Exercise During Orienteering

Human milk as “chrononutrition”: implications for child health and development

The impact of environmental pollution on the quality of mother's milk

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