Temporal lobe abnormalities in panic disorder: An MRI study

Structural magnetic ressonance imaging in anxiety disorders: an update of research findings

“…[64][65][66] Thus far, only two studies have been published confirming this reduction. 68 The more recent studies included new anatomical regions, often by means of the VBM technique that allowed the investigation of differences in regional volumes along the whole brain.…”

“…[62][63] In our previous review, 10 abnormalities of the basal ganglia were not reported, whereas a reduced volume of areas of the temporal lobe was described. [64][65][66] However, functional imaging studies during rest have previously revealed abnormal activity in the hippocampus and in other limbic structures such as the amygdala and cingulated gyrus. 63 Massana et al evaluated the amygdala, temporal lobe and hippocampus of 12 patients with PD compared to 12 healthy controls.…”

Reduced γ-Aminobutyric AcidA–Benzodiazepine Binding Sites in Insular Cortex of Individuals With Panic Disorder

“…To advance understanding of the nature of this involvement, we used positron emission tomography (PET) to compare the central nervous system distribution volume (DV) (proportional to receptor binding) and blood-brain barrier transport coefficient (proportional to cerebral blood flow) of the positron-labeled benzodiazepine receptor ligand flumazenil labeled with carbon 11 ([ 11 C]flumazenil) in people with the anxiety syndrome panic disorder with those in unaffected control subjects. Previous studies of panic disorder (eg, Reiman et al, 12 Fontaine et al, 13 and De Cristofaro et al 14 ) most strongly implicate frontal-prefrontal and temporal cortical areas and the cingulate gyrus in the pathophysiologic features of panic disorder. Many of the structures of the limbic system are contained in these regions.…”

Separation Anxiety in Children and Adolescents

“…A study by Uchida et al revealed in adult patients with panic disorder relative increase in gray matter volume in the left insula, in the left superior temporal gyrus, midbrain and pons, as well as relative gray matter deficit in the anterior cingulate cortex of those patients as compared to controls (Uchida et al, 2008). Reduced volume of temporal lobe was detected in other studies (Fontaine et al, 1990;Ontiveros et al, 1989;Vythilingam et al, 2000). However, Massana et al (2003) didn´t find any changes in temporal lobe (probably because of excluding hippocampus and amygdala in his Region of Interest investigations).…”