Temporal regulation of cytokine mRNA expression in equine recurrent airway obstruction

Horohov, David W.; Beadle, R. E.; Mouch, Saif Abu; Pourciau, Susan

doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.2005.07.013

Cited by 88 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The initial concentration of IL‐4 in the horses varied greatly. This is in accordance with the results of others studies 35, 36, 37, 38, 39 and shows the heterogeneous immunological phenotypes of the disease.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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A comparison of nanoparticulate CpG immunotherapy with and without allergens in spontaneously equine asthma‐affected horses, an animal model

Klier

Geis

Steuer

et al. 2017

Immunity Inflam & Disease

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IntroductionNew therapeutic strategies to modulate the immune response of human and equine allergic asthma are still under extensive investigation. Immunomodulating agents stimulating T‐regulatory cells offer new treatment options beyond conventional symptomatic treatment or specific immunotherapy for human and equine allergic airway diseases, with the goal of a homoeostatic T‐helper cell balance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a nebulized gelatin nanoparticle‐CpG formulation (CpG‐GNP) with and without specific allergens for the treatment of spontaneous allergic equine asthma as a model for human asthma.MethodsTwenty equine asthma‐affected horses were treated either with CpG‐GNP alone or CpG‐GNP with allergens. Two specific allergens were selected for each horse based on history and an in‐vitro test. Each horse received seven administrations of the respective nebulized composition and was examined before treatment, immediately after and 6 weeks after the treatment course.ResultsClinical parameters such as breathing rate, indirect interpleural measurement, arterial blood gases, amount of tracheal mucus and percentage of neutrophils and cytokines in tracheal washes and serum samples were evaluated. Treatment with CpG‐GNP alone as well as in combinations with relevant allergens resulted in clinical improvement of nasal discharge, breathing rate, amount of secretion and viscosity, neutrophil percentage and partial oxygen pressure directly after and 6 weeks after treatment. There were no significant differences between the two treatments in clinical parameters or local cytokine profiles in the tracheal wash fluid (IL‐10, IFN‐g, and IL‐17). IL‐4 concentrations decreased significantly in both groups.ConclusionNonspecific CpG‐GNP‐based immunotherapy shows potential as a treatment for equine and possibly also human allergic asthma.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Furthermore, the initial tracheal concentrations of IL‐17 varied greatly among horses. This fits to the reported local variations of cytokines in asthma‐afflicted horses probably due to genetic factors, the disease stage, and varying environmental allergen exposures 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 62.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

A comparison of nanoparticulate CpG immunotherapy with and without allergens in spontaneously equine asthma‐affected horses, an animal model

Klier

Geis

Steuer

et al. 2017

Immunity Inflam & Disease

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“…Levels of IgE antibodies in response to mold allergens were greater in BALF from RAO horses when in remission, as well as from those demonstrating clinical signs of disease, compared with BALF from healthy horses (18,33). Enhanced production of IL-4 and IL-13 may elevate allergen-specific IgE generation from B cells during the early stages of RAO (20). IgE-mediated reactions do not appear to be important in the late-phase response in RAO (41).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Early onset airway obstruction in response to organic dust in the horse

Deaton

Deaton²,

Jose‐Cunilleras³

et al. 2007

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Deaton CM, Deaton L, Jose-Cunilleras E, Vincent TL, Baird AW, Dacre K, Marlin DJ. Early onset airway obstruction in response to organic dust in the horse. J Appl Physiol 102: [1071][1072][1073][1074][1075][1076][1077] 2007. First published December 7, 2006; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00264.2006.-Equine recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) has been used as a naturally occurring model of human asthma. However, it is unknown whether there is an early-phase response in RAO. The aim of this study was to determine whether exposure to organic dust induces immediate changes in lung function in RAO-affected horses, which could be mediated by airway mast cells. Six RAO-affected horses in remission and six control horses were challenged with hay-straw dust suspension by nebulization. Total respiratory resistance at 1 Hz, measured by forced oscillation, was increased from 0.62 Ϯ 0.09 cmH 2O ⅐ l Ϫ1 ⅐ s (mean Ϯ SE) to 1.23 Ϯ 0.20 cmH2O ⅐ l Ϫ1 ⅐ s 15 min after nebulization in control horses (P ϭ 0.023) but did not change significantly in the RAO group. Total respiratory reactance at 1 Hz (P ϭ 0.005) was significantly lower in the control horses (Ϫ0.77 Ϯ 0.07 cmH2O ⅐ l Ϫ1 ⅐ s) than in the RAO group (Ϫ0.49 Ϯ 0.04 cmH2O ⅐ l Ϫ1 ⅐ s) 15 min after nebulization. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) histamine concentration was significantly elevated 10 and 20 min postnebulization in control horses but not in RAO horses. Minimum reactance at 1 Hz in the early postnebulization period significantly correlated with both prechallenge BALF mast cell numbers (r ϭ Ϫ0.65, P ϭ 0.02) and peak BALF histamine concentration postnebulization (r ϭ Ϫ0.61, P ϭ 0.04). In conclusion, RAO horses, unlike human asthmatic patients, do not exhibit an early-phase response. However, healthy control horses do demonstrate a mild but significant early (Ͻ20 min) phase response to inhaled organic dust. This response may serve to decrease the subsequent dose of dust inhaled and as such provide a protective mechanism, which may be compromised in RAO horses. equine; lung function; allergen HUMAN ASTHMATIC PATIENTS develop an early-phase bronchoconstriction within minutes of exposure to inhaled allergens.

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“…Giguère et al (2002) and Ainsworth et al (2003) stressed that an increase in IFN-γ mRNA was characteristic of the BALF of horses in dusty stables. An increase in IFN-γ mRNA was also recorded by Horohov et al (2005) in the BALF of horses which had been kept outdoors in the summer and had summer pasture-associated obstructive airway disease. Moreover, Cordeau et al (2004) reported a statistical reduction of IFN-γ mRNA in bronchoalveolar lymphocytes after 9 days of continuous moldy hay exposure, while Kleiber et al (2005) showed no statistical change in IFN-γ mRNA extracted from BALF CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes in RAO-affected exposed to hay/straw.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Time-dependent changes of cytokines mRNA in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from symptomatic Recurrent Airway Obstruction-affected horses

Pietra¹,

Cinotti²,

Ducci³

et al. 2011

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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During an 18 day test, we measured the cytokine mRNA expression (Interleukin-1β , , Interferon-γ [IFN-γ], Tumor Necrosis Factor-α [TNF-α]) of cells from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid [BALF] in five horses previously diagnosed with RAO, before and during challenge exposure, and after the desensitization phase which involved dexamethasone treatment and environmental modification. Simultaneously, the same cytokine mRNA expression of cells from BALF in four asymptomatic RAO-affected horses maintained outdoors was analyzed. An evident respiratory distress was observed in the challenge group within 3 days, with a significant overexpression of IL-8 and TNF-α mRNA on the ninth day. The pharmacological and environmental desensitization provided a down regulation of all the cytokines. No statistical modification characterized the cytokine kinetics of the asymptomatic horses maintained outdoors. A comparison for each time point of the cytokines between the exposed and unexposed horses showed no significant differences. The study suggested that a standardized exposure protocol and sampling time in experimental studies of RAO is mandatory for a correct comparison of the results obtained by different Authors. However, the absence of significant changes between the exposed and unexposed horses could depend on the lack of the sample uniformity since the evolution of the disease represents a continuum from a healthy to a pathological condition.

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Temporal regulation of cytokine mRNA expression in equine recurrent airway obstruction

Cited by 88 publications

References 55 publications

A comparison of nanoparticulate CpG immunotherapy with and without allergens in spontaneously equine asthma‐affected horses, an animal model

A comparison of nanoparticulate CpG immunotherapy with and without allergens in spontaneously equine asthma‐affected horses, an animal model

Early onset airway obstruction in response to organic dust in the horse

Time-dependent changes of cytokines mRNA in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from symptomatic Recurrent Airway Obstruction-affected horses

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