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Poly(methacrylic acid-g-ethylene glycol) networks were prepared by the copolymerization of methacrylic acid and polyethylene glycol) methacrylate in the presence of a tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate cross-linking agent Their swelling characteristics depended on swelling solution pH, swelling temperature, copolymer composition, and network structure. In aqueous swelling solutions at acidic pH, copolymer networks swelled to a much lower extent than homopolymer networks. This behavior was attributed to complex formation between polyethylene glycol) and poly(methacrylic acid) segments. Nuclear Overhauser enhancement measurements revealed that graft copolymers formed complexes under a wider range of concentrations and polyethylene glycol) molecular weights than the two ungrafted homopolymers. This enhancement in complexation was attributed to elimination of the unfavorable translational free energy change of complexation by covalent attachment of the complexing species.

Microemulsions are thermodynamically stable, fluid, optically clear dispersions of two immiscible liquids. Recent interest in microemulsion systems has resulted from their utility in a broad range of applications including enhanced oil recovery, consumer and pharmaceutical formulations, nanoparticle synthesis, and chemical reaction media. However, the high levels typically required to ensure complete microemulsification and formulation stability often result in unacceptably high residue, contaminant levels, and formulation cost. One way to reduce surfactant requirements in microemulsion systems is through the use of efficient surfactants and interfacially active cosurfactants. We have explored and developed microemulsion systems based on efficient anionic surfactants and glycol ether cosurfactants that are stable to temperature and compositional changes and yet employ low levels of non‐volatile surfactants. These microemulsion systems are finding utility in a range of applications, including consumer and industrial cleaning formulations, chemical reaction media, polymerization, and active ingredient delivery.

Thus this study, for the first time, showed effectiveness of colloidal nanocarrier-mediated immunotherapy in food-producing animals with potential future applicability to other species including humans.

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