Temporal spectrum of beam wander for Gaussian Schell-model beams propagating in atmospheric turbulence with finite outer scale

Abstract

The temporal spectrum of beam wander is formulated by considering a Gaussian Schell-model beam passing through atmospheric turbulence with a finite outer scale. Two simpler asymptotic formulas for the temporal spectrum of beam wander within the high- and low-frequency ranges are derived, respectively. Based on the formulations, the effects of the initial partial coherence of the beam, finite outer scale of turbulence, initial beam radius, and initial phase front radius of curvature on the temporal spectrum of beam wander are analyzed by numerical examples.

Beam wander of Gaussian-Schell model beams propagating through oceanic turbulence

“…(11) can be reduced by the integral formula [20] ( ) Utilizing Eqs. (12) and (13), we obtain the expression After a simple algebraic operation, the spatial coherence radius of a spherical wave propagating in the oceanic turbulence ρ oc is reduced to Comparing with the spatial coherence radius in [20], the spatial coherence radius equation (16) includes the inner scale of turbulence η, and is valid without the restriction of the relationship between ρ 0 and η. We can see that, for η = 0.001 m, the form of the spatial coherence radius equation (16) is in accordance with the spatial coherence radius ρ η ( ⪡ ) 0 of [20] and the spatial coherence radius ρ η ( ⪢ ) 0 in square approximation [10].…”

“…Turbulence causes optical propagation phenomena such as diffraction, scattering, absorption, and beam wander that attenuate or diffuse the signal of the communication system through stochastic processes [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. When a light beam propagates in a turbulent atmosphere or turbulent ocean, it experiences random perturbations that tend to deflect the beam to one side or the other of the path that the beam would have taken had it propagated in a vacuum.…”

“…Under weak turbulence conditions, the model of long term beam spread, beam wander and Strehl ratio of a Gaussian beam wave propagating through maritime atmospheric turbulence has been analyzed [11]. The temporal spectrum of beam wander for Gaussian-Schell model (GSM) beams propagating in atmospheric turbulence with a finite outer scale [12] was reported. The beam wander of light in atmosphere under all turbulent conditions has been studied extensively for Airy beams passing through a Tatarskii spectrum turbulence atmosphere [13], random electromagnetic GSM beams with [14] or without vortex [15] propagating through the Kolmogorov spectrum turbulence, Laguerre-Gaussian beams with the vortex phase numerical propagating in a Andrews spectrum turbulence [16] and the partially coherent array beams in non-Kolmogorov spectrum atmospheric turbulence [17].…”

Beam wander of an Airy beam with a spiral phase

“…Beam wander is an important characteristic of laser beams, which determines their utility for practical applications, such as global quantum communication [48]. In the past years, beam wander of many structured light fields have been studied [49][50][51][52][53][54]. Berman et al have discussed the influence of the initial spatially coherent length on the beam wander [49].…”

“…Berman et al have discussed the influence of the initial spatially coherent length on the beam wander [49]. Hereafter, Chen et al and Yu et al have investigated the temporal spectrum of beam wander for Gaussian Schell-model beams and the beam wander of electromagnetic Gaussian-Schell beams [50,51]. Eyyuboğlu and Cil have studied the beam wander of dark hollow beam, flat-topped beam and annular beam [52].…”