Temporal trends in the diversity of UK wheat

Donini, Paolo; Law, John; Koebner, R. M. D.; Reeves, J. C.; Cooke, R. J.

doi:10.1007/s001220051370

Cited by 178 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Resultados similares sobre a manutenção de diversidade genética ao longo do tempo foram recentemente relatados em cultivares de trigo na Grã-Bretanha por Donini et al (2000) e na Argentina por Manifesto et al (2001). As análises dos marcadores SSR indicaram que o melhoramento de trigo nesses países tem resultado mais em uma mudança qualitativa do que quantitativa, com o tempo.…”

Section: Variabilidade Genética Entre Períodosunclassified

“…Estudos com marcadores RAPD apontaram redução na diversidade genética da cultura da beterraba açucareira nos EUA devido ao melhoramento de caracteres de importância agronômica (McGrath et al, 1999). Já em estudos com o trigo cultivado, marcadores AFLP e microssatélites (SSR) não indicaram redução da diversidade genética, ao longo do tempo, na Grã-Bretanha (Donini et al, 2000) e na Argentina (Manifesto et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Diversidade genética da soja entre períodos e entre programas de melhoramento no Brasil

Priolli

Mendes-Junior

Sousa

et al. 2004

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi detectar os efeitos do melhoramento sobre a diversidade do germoplasma da soja cultivada nas três ultimas décadas, por meio da comparação de seis programas de melhoramento e períodos de lançamento de cultivares, utilizando locos microssatélites. Em relação aos programas de melhoramento, todos os locos apresentaram diferenças significativas em suas distribuições alélicas. Alguns locos eram compostos de alelos exclusivos em alguns programas de melhoramento, enquanto outros foram compostos sempre dos mesmos alelos em maior freqüência para todos os programas. A AMOVA indicou maior porção da variância devido a cultivares dentro de programas e somente 5,3% (p<0,05) devido à diferença entre programas. Quando comparados os programas de melhoramento entre si, cinco entre as 15 comparações apresentaram diferenças significativas (p<0,05), estando presente o programa IAC em quatro destas cinco comparações. As estimativas de variabilidade da soja entre os períodos de melhoramento avaliados indicaram que somente 1,78% da variância total foi devida à diferença entre períodos (p>0,05). Os resultados sugerem que o germoplasma de soja utilizado em programas de melhoramento no Brasil manteve nível constante de diversidade genética nos últimos 30 anos, além de relativa heterogeneidade de determinados programas.Termos para indexação: Glycine max, SSR, germoplasma, erosão genética. Soybean genetic diversity in time and among breeding programs in BrazilAbstract -The objective of this work was to detect the effects of plant breeding over the genetic diversity of soybean germplasm grown during the last three decades by comparing six different breeding programs and releasing intervals of soybean cultivars, using microsatellite loci. Regarding the breeding programs, all loci presented significantly different allelic distributions. Some loci presented alleles restricted to unique breeding programs, while others had a same allele being the most frequent in all the six programs. The AMOVA revealed that the major proportion of the variance occurred among cultivars within breeding programs and only 5.3% (p<0.05) of the whole variance was due to differences among breeding programs. When the breeding programs were pairwise-compared, five out of the 15 comparisons showed significant differences (p<0.05), being the IAC program within four of them. Soybean variability estimates of the five different releasing intervals revealed that just 1.78% of the variance is due to differences among them (p>0.05). The results suggest that the soybean germplasm pool involved in breeding programs in Brazil has maintained a stable genetic diversity during the past 30 years, in addition to a relative heterogeneity of some breeding programs.

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Section: Variabilidade Genética Entre Períodosunclassified

Section: Introductionunclassified

Diversidade genética da soja entre períodos e entre programas de melhoramento no Brasil

Priolli

Mendes-Junior

Sousa

et al. 2004

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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“…This information would help breeders to incorporate useful genetic variation into adopted gene pools by selecting for marker alleles linked to loci controlling important agronomic or quality traits (Tanksley and McCouch 1997). Several authors have studied genetic diversity in wheat by using different molecular markers, such as microsatellite (Devos et al 1995;Bohn et al 1999;Donini et al 2000;Manifesto et al 2001;Christiansen et al 2002;Huang et al 2002;Dreisigacker et al 2004;Fufa et al 2005), amplified DNA fragment polymorphism markers (Schut et al 1997;Barrett et al 1998;Manifesto et al 2001), and random amplified polymorphic DNA markers (Joshi and Nguyen 1993). Microsatellite markers, also known as simple sequence repeats (SSR), have proved to be the most suitable molecular markers for studying genetic diversity in wheat because of its multi-allelic nature, chromosome specificity, high polymorphism, and distribution throughout the genomes (Röder et al 1998a(Röder et al , 1998b.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity in the U.S. hard red winter wheat cultivars as revealed by microsatellite markers

Prasad¹,

Babar

et al. 2009

Crop Pasture Sci.

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Abstract. Knowledge of the genetic diversity existing in previously released hard red winter wheat (HRWW, Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars in the Great Plains region, United States, is essential for effective utilisation of these genetic resources in the various HRWW breeding programs. To ascertain a measure of the genetic diversity of the existing US HRWW, 60 cultivars were analysed with 62 microsatellite markers distributed throughout the wheat genome. Marker data were subjected to distance-based analysis and analysis of molecular variances. In total, 341 polymorphic alleles were scored with a range of 2-12 alleles per locus. Genetic diversity gradually increased in cultivars released after the 1970s. Cultivars released in the 1990s had the highest allelic richness (4.79), gene diversity (0.60), and polymorphic information content (0.56). Levels of genetic diversity were similar between the major HRWW breeding programs. Cluster analysis resulted in eight clusters. Cluster grouping gave close matches with pedigrees and with regional distribution of the cultivars. Using decadal information, cultivars released from 1900-1969 were grouped into one cluster, cultivars from 1990-2005 were grouped into a separate cluster, whereas cultivars from the 1980s did not group with any other decades. Analysis of molecular variance revealed a significant variation among the clusters, signifying that a true genetic variation existed among the clusters. The higher proportion of genetic variation explained by cultivars within clusters compared with among clusters indicates greater genetic diversity among cultivars within clusters. Our results indicate that genetic diversity of Great Plains HRWW cultivars has increased in the past century, and the trend is continuing.

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“…The variation detected by the molecular markers is non-adaptive, hence not affected by natural or artificial selection. Most desirable phenotypic traits in plant breeding are a result of interaction among expressed genes, but agronomic studies are still essential in germplasm description and determination of molecular genetic distance is a complement (Donini et al, 2000). Clear estimates of the genetic distances would be closer when there is association between the loci controlling the phenotypic trait of interest (QTL) and the markers used and when a larger number of the traits of interest in relation to a particular situation are evaluated (Roy et al, 2004;Lefebvre et al, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity analysis in tropical maize germplasm for stem borer and storage pest resistance using molecular markers and phenotypic traits

Mwololo

Munyiri²,

Semagn³

et al. 2015

mpb

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One hundred maize inbred lines and eighty four hybrids were characterized for resistance to maize stem borer and post-harvest insect pests. This was achieved using genetic distance and population structure based on simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and biophysical traits. The test materials were evaluated for stem borer, maize weevil and larger grain borer (LGB) resistance. Leaf samples were harvested from 10 healthy plants per genotype and bulked. Genomic DNA was extracted using a modified version of mini-prep Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) method. The samples were genotyped with 55 SSRs makers. Univariate analysis of variance was done using the general linear model procedure of SAS statistical package. Rodgers genetic distance was calculated for all data sets as a measure of genetic distance using NTSYS-pc for Windows. The distance matrices were used to generate phenograms using the unweighted pair group method based on arithmetic average (UPGMA) method in MEGA5. The genotypes were assigned into different populations using population structure software. The data was further subjected to discriminant and principal component analysis to group the gnotyoes. Analysis of molecular variance within and among the different populations was done using arlequin. There were significant differences (P ≤ 0.001) for all the biophysical traits evaluated. The SSR marker data estimated successfully the close relationship among different hybrids and inbred lines within clusters. Comparisons of the different multivariate analyses revealed high concordance among the different approaches of analyses. The results of this study can be directly used by breeding programs to develop resistant genotypes.

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Temporal trends in the diversity of UK wheat

Cited by 178 publications

References 20 publications

Diversidade genética da soja entre períodos e entre programas de melhoramento no Brasil

Diversidade genética da soja entre períodos e entre programas de melhoramento no Brasil

Genetic diversity in the U.S. hard red winter wheat cultivars as revealed by microsatellite markers

Genetic diversity analysis in tropical maize germplasm for stem borer and storage pest resistance using molecular markers and phenotypic traits

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