Temporal Trends of Selected Agricultural Chemicals in Iowa's Groundwater, 1982–1995: Are Things Getting Better?

Kolpin, Dana W.; Sneck-Fahrer, D.; Hallberg, George R.; Libra, Robert D.

doi:10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600040012x

Cited by 44 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…Atrazine can be as high as 21 ppb in ground water, 42 ppb in surface waters, 102 ppb in river basins in agricultural areas, up to 224 ppb in Midwestern streams, and up to 2,300 ppb in tailwater pits in Midwestern agricultural areas (47,48). Atrazine can be found in excess of 1 ppb in precipitation in localities where it is not used and up to 40 ppb in rainfall in Midwestern agricultural areas (49)(50)(51).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hermaphroditic, demasculinized frogs after exposure to the herbicide atrazine at low ecologically relevant doses

Hayes

Collins

Lee

et al. 2002

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

1,006

656

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Atrazine is the most commonly used herbicide in the U.S. and probably the world. It can be present at several parts per million in agricultural runoff and can reach 40 parts per billion (ppb) in precipitation. We examined the effects of atrazine on sexual development in African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis). Larvae were exposed to atrazine (0.01-200 ppb) by immersion throughout larval development, and we examined gonadal histology and laryngeal size at metamorphosis. Atrazine (>0.1 ppb) induced hermaphroditism and demasculinized the larynges of exposed males (>1.0 ppb). In addition, we examined plasma testosterone levels in sexually mature males. Male X. laevis suffered a 10-fold decrease in testosterone levels when exposed to 25 ppb atrazine. We hypothesize that atrazine induces aromatase and promotes the conversion of testosterone to estrogen. This disruption in steroidogenesis likely explains the demasculinization of the male larynx and the production of hermaphrodites. The effective levels reported in the current study are realistic exposures that suggest that other amphibian species exposed to atrazine in the wild could be at risk of impaired sexual development. This widespread compound and other environmental endocrine disruptors may be a factor in global amphibian declines.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hermaphroditic, demasculinized frogs after exposure to the herbicide atrazine at low ecologically relevant doses

Hayes

Collins

Lee

et al. 2002

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

1,006

656

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“…Arguably, this mode of exposure closely mimics that of individuals living in small farming communities (Kolpin et al, 1997; U.S. EPA, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…This is alarming since atrazine is quite prevalent in the environment. Not only has atrazine been detected more often than any other herbicide in U.S drinking water (Barbash et al, 2001), there have been several reports of community water supply samples exceeding the EPA’s maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 3 µg/L (Kolpin et al, 1997; US EPA, 2003). Further, human exposure has been confirmed through reports of atrazine metabolites in urine (Curwin et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of gestational and chronic atrazine exposure on motor behaviors and striatal dopamine in male Sprague-Dawley rats

Walters

Lansdell

Lookingland

et al. 2015

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology

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This study sought to investigate the effects of environmentally relevant gestational followed by continued chronic exposure to the herbicide, atrazine, on motor function, cognition, and neurochemical indices of nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) activity in male rats. Dams were treated with 100 µg/kg atrazine, 10 mg/kg atrazine, or vehicle on gestational day 1 through postnatal day 21. Upon weaning, male offspring continued daily vehicle or atrazine gavage treatments for an additional six months. Subjects were tested in a series of behavioral assays, and 24 h after the last treatment, tissue samples from the striatum were analyzed for DA and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC). At 10 mg/kg, this herbicide was found to produce modest disruptions in motor functioning, and at both dose levels it significantly lowered striatal DA and DOPAC concentrations. These results suggest exposures to atrazine have the potential to disrupt nigrostriatal DA neurons and behaviors associated with motor functioning.

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“…6, but it still has reasonable sensitivity considering that the current US Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) maximal contaminant level for atrazine in drinking water is 3 ng mL −1 (ppb). The concentration of atrazine is usually less than 2 ng mL −1 in groundwater sources, but has been found at levels as high as 21 ng mL −1 in groundwater, 42 ng mL −1 in surface waters, and up to 224 ng mL −1 in Midwestern streams (Kolpin et al, 1996). However, LOD-values obtained in other published atrazine immunoassays using the same antibody AM7B.2 are lower, in the range of 0.1-0.5 ng mL −1 (Wortberg et al, 1995; Feng et al, 2003), which suggests that the sensitivity of this ITO-based competitive atrazine assay could be improved through optimization of the assay conditions.…”

Section: Competitive Atrazine Immunoassay Using An Ito Waveguidementioning

confidence: 99%

Application of europium(III) chelate-dyed nanoparticle labels in a competitive atrazine fluoroimmunoassay on an ITO waveguide

Cummins

Koivunen

Stephanian

et al. 2006

Biosensors and Bioelectronics

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Temporal Trends of Selected Agricultural Chemicals in Iowa's Groundwater, 1982–1995: Are Things Getting Better?

Cited by 44 publications

References 0 publications

Hermaphroditic, demasculinized frogs after exposure to the herbicide atrazine at low ecologically relevant doses

Hermaphroditic, demasculinized frogs after exposure to the herbicide atrazine at low ecologically relevant doses

The effects of gestational and chronic atrazine exposure on motor behaviors and striatal dopamine in male Sprague-Dawley rats

Application of europium(III) chelate-dyed nanoparticle labels in a competitive atrazine fluoroimmunoassay on an ITO waveguide

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