Temporally resolved 3D phase‐contrast imaging

Wigström, Lars; Sjöqvist, Lars; Wranne, Bengt

doi:10.1002/mrm.1910360521

Cited by 200 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…6a. In this case, previously reported methods relying on in-plane velocity measurements and evaluation of PWV along a vessel centerline (29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34) are no longer applicable. Note also that the complex aortic shape and in particular the sharp bending of the distal descending aorta in this patient (see Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Recently, more comprehensive three-dimensional (3D) CINE techniques in combination with three-directionally encoded velocities (flow-sensitive four-dimensional [4D] MRI) have been reported that provide information on multidirectional in vivo blood flow with full volumetric coverage of the vessel of interest (29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34). It was the purpose of this study to investigate if PWV can be reliably estimated from 3D CINE PC data despite its lower temporal resolution by exploiting its full volumetric coverage.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Estimation of global aortic pulse wave velocity by flow‐sensitive 4D MRI

Markl

Wallis

Brendecke

et al. 2010

Magnetic Resonance in Med

114

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The aim of this study was to determine the value of flow-sensitive four-dimensional MRI for the assessment of pulse wave velocity as a measure of vessel compliance in the thoracic aorta. Findings in 12 young healthy volunteers were compared with those in 25 stroke patients with aortic atherosclerosis and an age-matched normal control group (n 5 9). Results from pulse wave velocity calculations incorporated velocity data from the entire aorta and were compared to those of standard methods based on flow waveforms at only two specific anatomic landmarks. Global aortic pulse wave velocity was higher in patients with atherosclerosis (7.03 6 0.24 m/ sec) compared to age-matched controls (6.40 6 0.32 m/sec). Both were significantly (P < 0.001) increased compared to younger volunteers (4.39 6 0.32 m/sec). Global aortic pulse wave velocity in young volunteers was in good agreement with previously reported MRI studies and catheter measurements. Estimation of measurement inaccuracies and error propagation analysis demonstrated only minor uncertainties in measured flow waveforms and moderate relative errors below 16% for aortic compliance in all 46 subjects. These results demonstrate the feasibility of pulse wave velocity calculation based on fourdimensional MRI data by exploiting its full volumetric coverage, which may also be an advantage over standard two-dimensional techniques in the often-distorted route of the aorta in patients with atherosclerosis. Magn Reson Med 63:1575-1582, 2010. V C 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Key words: pulse wave velocity; compliance; phase contrast; atherosclerosis; aorta Increased pulse wave velocity (PWV) as a measure of aortic stiffness is an important marker for both agerelated changes in aortic compliance and the presence of atherosclerosis (1,2) and is an independent predictor of cardiovascular mortality and stroke (3,4). Reliable measurement of PWV is of particular interest for monitoring the progression or regression of vessel compliance during therapy (5,6).Pressure catheter measurements can be considered the gold standard for the assessment of the development of aortic pressure wave, but their use is limited due to the invasiveness of the procedure (7). To provide a noninvasive estimate of PWV, phase contrast (PC) MRI has been applied in a number of in vivo studies determining blood flow based on flow waveform measurements in single two-dimensional (2D) planes transecting the aorta (8-10). For PWV estimation, typically transit-time methods are employed estimating temporal differences of specific features of blood flow waveforms, e.g., time from foot to foot or peak to peak, between two locations of the vessel with known distance (11-24). However, the precision of this method highly depends on the exact calculation of flow difference and distance between only two measuring points (16,25,26).Methodological improvements include a more continuous evaluation along a vessel center line and cross-correlation (XCor) analysis for the estimation of waveform delays, which improved the accuracy of PWV...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of global aortic pulse wave velocity by flow‐sensitive 4D MRI

Markl

Wallis

Brendecke

et al. 2010

Magnetic Resonance in Med

114

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“…Hence, in several 2D throughplane PC studies of maximum velocity and flow determinations in stenotic vessels, a multi-slice procedure was used [11,20]. With the advent of three-dimensional, three-directional velocity encoding sequences (here denoted 4D PC) [21][22][23], the possibility has emerged to quantify velocity and flow in multiple 4 dimensions, and in addition to visualize blood flow by streamlines and pathlines. These powerful possibilities offered by 4D PC have found a number of applications, and 4D PC has started to go beyond a visualization tool into a quantitative technique for extraction of velocity, flow and hemodynamically derived parameters such as wall shear stress [24] and kinetic energy [25].…”

Section: An Alternative Non-invasive Methods For Blood Velocity Measurmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volumetric velocity measurements in restricted geometries using spiral sampling: a phantom study

Nilsson

Revstedt

Heiberg

et al. 2014

Magn Reson Mater Phy

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Object:To evaluate the accuracy of maximum velocity measurements using volumetric phase contrast imaging with spiral readouts in a stenotic flow phantom. Materials and Methods:In a phantom model, maximum velocity, flow, pressure gradient and streamline visualizations were evaluated using volumetric phase contrast MRI with velocity encoding in one (extending on current clinical practice) and three directions (for characterization of the flow field) using spiral readouts.Results of maximum velocity and pressure drop were compared to CFD simulations (Computational Fluid Dynamics), as well as corresponding low-TE Cartesian data. Flow was compared to 2D throughplane PC upstream from the restriction. Results:Results obtained with 3D throughplane PC as well as 4D PC at shortest TE using spiral readout showed excellent agreements with the maximum velocity values obtained with CFD (<1% for both methods), while larger deviations were seen using Cartesian readouts (-2% and 13%, respectively).Peak pressure drop calculated from 3D throughplane PC and 4D PC spiral sequences was 14% and 13% overestimated compared to CFD. Conclusion:Identification of the maximum velocity location as well as accurate velocity quantification can be obtained in stenotic regions using short-TE spiral volumetric PC imaging.3

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“…Recently, improved time-resolved (CINE) 3D PC MRI techniques using electrocardiography (ECG) gating and advanced navigator respiration control (flow-sensitive four-dimensional [4D] MRI) have been successfully applied for the analysis of pulsatile 3D blood flow in the aorta (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24). Such techniques offer the opportunity for the detailed analysis of pulsatile 3D blood flow but require scan times up to 20 min.…”

Section: Contrast-enhanced (Ce) Mr Angiography (Mra) Is An Establishementioning

confidence: 99%

4D phase contrast MRI at 3 T: Effect of standard and blood‐pool contrast agents on SNR, PC‐MRA, and blood flow visualization

Bock

Frydrychowicz

Stalder

et al. 2009

Magnetic Resonance in Med

159

117

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Time-resolved phase contrast (PC) MRI with velocity encoding in three directions (flow-sensitive four-dimensional MRI) can be employed to assess three-dimensional blood flow in the entire aortic lumen within a single measurement. These data can be used not only for the visualization of blood flow but also to derive additional information on vascular geometry with three-dimensional PC MR angiography (MRA). As PC-MRA is sensitive to available signal-to-noise ratio, standard and novel blood pool contrast agents may help to enhance PC-MRA image quality. In a group of 30 healthy volunteers, the influence of different contrast agents on vascular signalto-noise ratio, PC-MRA quality, and subsequent three-dimensional stream-line visualization in the thoracic aorta was determined. Flow-sensitive four-dimensional MRI data acquired with contrast agent provided significantly improved signal-to-noise ratio in magnitude data and noise reduction in velocity data compared to measurements without contrast media. The agreement of three-dimensional PC-MRA with reference standard contrast-enhanced MRA was good for both contrast agents, with improved PC-MRA performance for blood pool contrast agent, particularly for the smaller supraaortic branches. While most clinical applications of MRA rely on the application of Gadolinium (Gd) contrast agent (CA), three-dimensional (3D) phase contrast (PC)-MRA based on velocity-encoded 3D MRI with encoding in three directions has proven to be a useful alternative (8-11). PC-MRA can provide detailed information on vascular geometry and may offer additional information on flow direction. However, most PC-MRA implementations used nongated data acquisition, which can result in artifacts for pulsatile blood flow. Further drawbacks of the PC-MRA method are long scan times and lack of respiration control, which limited most applications of 3D PC-MRA to static regions with low pulsatile flow such as the cranial vessels (12,13).Recently, improved time-resolved (CINE) 3D PC MRI techniques using electrocardiography (ECG) gating and advanced navigator respiration control (flow-sensitive four-dimensional [4D] MRI) have been successfully applied for the analysis of pulsatile 3D blood flow in the aorta (14-24). Such techniques offer the opportunity for the detailed analysis of pulsatile 3D blood flow but require scan times up to 20 min. We previously reported an approach to derive 3D angiographic information (3D PC-MRA) from flow-sensitive 4D MRI (24,25). We showed that it was possible to exploit the information in the acquired flow-sensitive 4D data to derive angiographic information without performing additional MRA measurements. Although the derived 3D PC-MRA does not provide the same detailed depiction of anatomy and morphology compared to CE-MRA, it can improve considerably the presentation of the results by combining 3D visualization of anatomy and flow for large vascular geometries such as the thoracic aorta.Based on this strategy, an improved data processing workflow including noise masking was impleme...

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Temporally resolved 3D phase‐contrast imaging

Cited by 200 publications

References 11 publications

Estimation of global aortic pulse wave velocity by flow‐sensitive 4D MRI

Estimation of global aortic pulse wave velocity by flow‐sensitive 4D MRI

Volumetric velocity measurements in restricted geometries using spiral sampling: a phantom study

4D phase contrast MRI at 3 T: Effect of standard and blood‐pool contrast agents on SNR, PC‐MRA, and blood flow visualization

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