Temporary Logging Roads Surfaced with Mulched Wood

Lyons, Kevin; Day, Ken

doi:10.1093/wjaf/24.3.124

Western Journal of Applied Forestry

2009

DOI: 10.1093/wjaf/24.3.124

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Temporary Logging Roads Surfaced with Mulched Wood

Kevin Lyons¹,

Ken Day²

Abstract: This article summarizes the results of a field trial where logging residue was mulched on site to produce a running surface for temporary in-block roads. The results of this trial indicate roads with a mulched wood surface outperform soil roads when the subgrade consists of a saturated fine-grained soil. Failure of the mulched wood roads was caused by excessive localized rutting, which could be repaired by hand or with a skidder blade under operational conditions.

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“…However, grass seed requires time to germinate after being applied to the skid trail, and there can be issues with grass survival. These issues can be mitigated through the use of lime, fertilizer, or mulch to improve soil chemical and physical properties and to reduce removal or movement of seeds (Lyons andDay 2009, Foltz 2012). Current literature reports indicate that there are gaps in knowledge regarding the effectiveness of specific skid trail BMPs and their associated costs in the Ridge and Valley physiographic region.…”

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Evaluation of Bladed Skid Trail Closure Methods in the Ridge and Valley Region

Vinson¹,

Barrett²,

Aust³

et al. 2017

Forest Science

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Forest roads and skid trails with inadequate best management practices (BMPs) often contribute the majority of erosion produced from forest harvesting operations. We evaluated soil erosion rates from bladed skid trails in the mountains of Virginia after a timber harvest. The randomized complete block design included six blocks, each containing four skid trail closure BMP treatments (waterbar only [Control], slash-covered [Slash], seeded [Seed], and seeded with fertilizer and mulch [Mulch]). Control treatments resulted in an average erosion rate of 6.8 tons ac Ϫ1 yr Ϫ1 (15.1 tonnes ha Ϫ1 yr Ϫ1) following installation. Seed treatments resulted in an average erosion rate of 2.6 tons ac Ϫ1 yr Ϫ1 (5.9 tonnes ha Ϫ1 yr Ϫ1). Mulch treatments averaged 0.5 ton ac Ϫ1 yr Ϫ1 (1.1 tonnes ha Ϫ1 yr Ϫ1), and Slash treatments averaged 0.4 ton ac Ϫ1 yr Ϫ1 (0.8 tonnes ha Ϫ1 yr Ϫ1). Seed, Mulch, and Slash treatments significantly reduced soil erosion rates in comparison to Control treatments (P ϭ 0.0315), with Mulch and Slash treatments being most effective (P Ͻ 0.0001). Results indicate that ground cover treatments are beneficial in addition to waterbars for effective erosion control. A cost analysis indicates that Seed treatments are the most cost-effective ($2771.89/mi); however, on a basis of erosion prevented, Slash treatments were the most cost-effective ($73.65/ton).

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Bladed Skid Trail Closure Methods in the Ridge and Valley Region

Vinson¹,

Barrett²,

Aust³

et al. 2017

Forest Science

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Suitability of Soil Erosion Models for the Evaluation of Bladed Skid Trail BMPs in the Southern Appalachians

Vinson

Barrett

Aust

et al. 2017

Forests

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This project measured soil erosion rates from bladed skid trails in the mountains of Virginia following a timber harvest, and compared measured erosion to four erosion model predictions produced by Universal Soil Loss Equation-Forest (USLE-Forest), Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation, v.2 (RUSLE2), Water Erosion Prediction Project-Road (WEPP-Road) using default files, and WEPP-Road using modified files in order to assess the utility of the models for these conditions. Skid trails were segregated into six blocks where each block had similar trail slopes and soils. Each block contained four skid trail closure treatments: (1) bare soil (Control); (2) residual limbs and tops (Slash); (3) grass seed (Seed); and (4) fertilizer, seed, and straw mulch (Mulch). All treatments had waterbars, the minimum trail closure best management practice (BMP), to provide upslope and downslope borders of experimental units. Site cover characteristics on each experimental unit were collected quarterly as input parameters for erosion models. The suitability of soil erosion models were evaluated based upon statistical summaries, linear relationships with measured erosion rates, Nash-Sutcliffe Model Efficiency, and a nonparametric analysis. Treatments were measured to have erosion rates of 15.2 tonnes ha −1 year −1 (Control), 5.9 tonnes ha −1 year −1 (Seed), 1.1 tonnes ha −1 year −1 (Mulch), and 0.8 tonnes ha −1 year −1 (Slash). It was determined that WEPP-Road: Modified (p-value = 0.643) and USLE-Forest (p-value = 0.307) were the most suitable models given their accuracy; however USLE-Forest may be better for making management decisions given its practicality.

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Characteristics of wood wastes in British Columbia and their potential suitability as soil amendments and seedling growth media

2011

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Venner, K. H, Preston, C. M. and Prescott, C. E. 2011. Characteristics of wood wastes in British Columbia and their potential suitability as soil amendments and seedling growth media. Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 95–106. In British Columbia, alternative uses for poor-quality wood-waste fines (approximately 50 mm or less) are being sought to replace traditional methods of disposal, including landfilling and burning without energy recovery. As a complement to associated field trials to assess the potential suitability of woody wastes as soil amendments, we determined chemical, physical and spectroscopic characteristics of a variety of wood wastes, co-composts and wood chips and carried out a plant (Betula papyrifera) bioassay. Chemical properties and 13C NMR spectra indicated similarity to other woody wastes, and suitability for site rehabilitation if applied under conditions to avoid excessive leachate. Seedlings grew poorly in the wood waste materials (final height <4 cm), except for co-composts prepared with municipal biosolids (final height 93 cm). Seedlings also grew poorly in wood chips unless fertilizer was added, indicating that nutrient deficiencies were the primary cause of the poor growth in wood chips. Even with nutrient addition, seedling growth was low in the finest wood chips (<10 mm), probably as a consequence of retention of excessive moisture. This problem could be overcome by applying larger particles or by incorporating the wood chips into soil rather than leaving them as a surface mulch. In conjunction with results from field trials, these results support the application of woody wastes for site rehabilitation, where in situ mixing with mineral soil should reduce bulk density and improve water-holding capacity, and fertilization can compensate for N immobilization by wastes with high C:N ratios.

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Temporary Logging Roads Surfaced with Mulched Wood

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Evaluation of Bladed Skid Trail Closure Methods in the Ridge and Valley Region

Evaluation of Bladed Skid Trail Closure Methods in the Ridge and Valley Region

Suitability of Soil Erosion Models for the Evaluation of Bladed Skid Trail BMPs in the Southern Appalachians

Characteristics of wood wastes in British Columbia and their potential suitability as soil amendments and seedling growth media

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