Temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome: A close association with systemic joint laxity (the hypermobile joint syndrome)

The association between temporomandibular disorders and joint hypermobility syndrome: a nationwide population-based study

“…To clarify the intricate association between TMDs and JHS, numerous studies have described the positive correlation between these two conditions through clinical examination and scoring systems, such as Beighton, RDC/TMD classification systems [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20], questionnaires [13], and laboratory or radiographic images [12,15]. In this study, of the 975,788 eligible individuals, the prevalence of TMDs was greater than JHS, where 14.3 % of patients were diagnosed with TMD, and 0.05 % of patients were diagnosed with JHS (Fig.…”

“…Numerous studies have reported that the prevalence of TMDs is higher in subjects with symptoms of articular hypermobility [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18], suggesting that JHS wound be a risk factor positively associated with TMDs. On the contrary, some articles argue on their relationship in that there is no clear evidence of the association between JHS and TMDs because of the relatively small number of patient enrolled in these studies [19,20].…”

Biglycan and Fibromodulin Have Essential Roles in Regulating Chondrogenesis and Extracellular Matrix Turnover in Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis

“…21,27,61 However, whereas intra-articular injections of TGF-␤1 into mouse knee joints initially stimulated proteoglycan synthesis, prolonged TGF-␤1 treatment also facilitated the development of key histopathological features of OA, such as proteoglycan degradation, cellular disorganization, and osteophyte formation. 38 Consequently, brief TGF-␤1 exposure may be beneficial, whereas longer TGF-␤1 exposure may be damaging.…”

“…Furthermore, studies have reported that humans with genetic diseases involving defects in cartilage-related ECM genes, such as Marfan syndrome 20 and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, 21 experience TMJ dysfunction. However, the precise role the ECM plays in regulating MCC function specifically within the TMJ remains largely unknown.…”

The effect of Ehlers-Danlos syndromes on TMJ function and craniofacial pain

“…Still, a brief review provides clear indications of a relationship between EDS, hypermobility, and TMD. Several studies have addressed TMJ hypermobility, generalized joint hypermobility, and TMD with various conclusions [4][5][6][7][8], but with clear indication of the significant occurrence of TMD in EDS patients. Studies reported between 40% in one study and up to 100% in another, of patients presenting with multiple types of headache and/or unilateral or bilateral TMJ pain [9].…”