Ten‐year prognosis for generalized infantile eczema

Linna, O; Kokkonen, Jorma; Lahtela, P; Tammela, Outi

doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1992.tb12165.x

Cited by 59 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…13 Several studies have reported that AD in infants or young children frequently improves with time, but is associated with increased risk of asthma and allergic rhinitis. 14,15 In fact, AD in the first 3 months of life is predictive of allergic airway disease at 5 years of age. 16 Patients with severe dermatitis and mild asthma have an elevated risk of developing severe or pronounced late asthmatic response when exposed to allergens.…”

Section: Lesion Distributionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Atopic dermatitis

Abramovits

2005

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

165

120

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Section: Lesion Distributionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Atopic dermatitis

Abramovits

2005

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

165

120

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“…10,13 TheprevalenceofAMs in patients with AD has been reported to be age-dependent, with approximately 43%to53% of children whos ufferedA Ds ubsequentlyd evelopinga sthmaa nd 45%t o 78%d eveloping allergicr hinitis. [14][15] Severity of AD is positively correlated with eventualA Md evelopment. 15 AMsr educet he qualityoflifefor theaffected individualsand impose an economic burden on thefamily, community, andthe national health care budget.…”

Section: What This Study Addsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Economic Burden of Atopic Manifestations in Patients With Atopic Dermatitis - Analysis of Administrative Claims

Suh¹,

Sung²,

Gause³

et al. 2007

JMCP

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BACKGROUND: Atopic dermatitis (AD) has been associated with atopic manifestations (AMs), such as food allergies, asthma, allergic rhinitis, and allergic conjunctivitis.OBJECTIVES: To (1) compare the risk of developing AMs in patients with AD versus those without AD, (2) estimate the incremental costs attributable to AMs in patients with AD, and (3) examine the factors associated with incremental costs.METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, the authors used MarketScan research databases containing medical and pharmacy claims with dates of service from January 1, 1999, to December 31, 2004. Patients were considered to have AD if they had at least 1 medical claim with a primary or secondary diagnosis of AD (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification [ICD-9-CM] codes 691.8x) or contact dermatitis or other eczema of unspecified cause (ICD-9-CM codes 692.9x). To create comparable study cohorts, patients with AD were matched with non-AD patients using propensity scores that represented the likelihood of developing AD as predicted by logistic regression. After propensity score matching, the AD and non-AD cohorts did not statistically differ with respect to age, gender, geographic region, type of health insurance, Charlson Comorbidity Index, or baseline measures of medical and prescription drug utilization. The relative risks of developing AMs in the AD and non-AD cohorts were estimated using competing risk-survival analysis. AM was defined by ICD-9-CM codes for asthma (493.xx), allergic rhinitis (477.xx), allergic conjunctivitis (372.05 or 372.14), and food allergy (693.1x, 692.5x, 995.60). The annual incremental cost attributable to AMs in these AD patients was calculated from medical claims with AM and AD diagnosis codes and from pharmacy claims for prescription drugs used to treat asthma, allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, or food allergy, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the bootstrap method.RESULTS: Patients with AD were significantly more likely to develop AMs than patients without AD (21.8% versus 16.9%, adjusted relative risk [RR] = 1.33, 95% CI, 1.28-1.38). Among AD patients who developed AMs, allergic rhinitis was the most frequent manifestation (66.3%), followed by asthma (24.8%), allergic conjunctivitis (7.6%), and food allergy (1.8%). The incidence and adjusted RRs of developing AM for AD patients versus comparison patients were 5.3% versus 4.5% for asthma (RR = 1.20, 95% CI, 1.12-1.29), 14.6% versus 11.2% for allergic rhinitis (RR = 1.35, 95% CI, 1.29-1.41), 1.6% versus 1.1% for allergic conjunctivitis (RR = 1.50, 95% CI, 1.31-1.72), and 0.3% versus 0.1% for food allergy (RR = 2.35, 95% CI, 1.66-3.32). The annual AD + AM treatment costs for patients with AD increased substantially after they developed AMs. The additional financial burden attributable to AMs was estimated to be $482 per year, an almost 1.5-fold increase compared with AD cost alone (from $338 before AM development to $820 afterward, P < 0.001), with approxima...

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“…Asthma and AR can have an early onset. The asthma affair is a little more intricate: the onset within the first year is certain in 34,5% [23][24][25][26]-56,2% [24,27], of babies, but a higher level (82.4%) is evident between the 4th and the 7th year [24,[27][28][29]. That within the 8th year the asthma onset is manifest in 90% of children [28], is confirmed by the 92% proportion reached in patients less than 20 years of age [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In 250 Children we Demonstrate that the Transmission of Allergy and Asthma is Chiefly Genetic, Mainly when these Children are Asthmatic

Cantani¹

2015

Glob J Allergy

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There seems to be no unanimity of opinion as to the mode of transmission of allergic disease. According to some, allergy is transmitted as a simple Mendelian dominant. In direct contrast, others maintain that the findings favor a recessive mechanism. Further-more, others suggest that the condition is inherited as a "partial dominant" disorder. An additional analysis of family studies as well as data already published, failed to support either the simple dominant or recessive theory. The dominant theory does not explain why in more than half of the pedigrees both parents are normal. The recessive theory is refuted by the existence of pedigrees in which both parents are affected, yet some of the children are normal. To put more order in this complex mess, we have decided to study the genetic risk of children with a family history (FH) of allergy, We have therefore formed this prospective study in 250 children that included: family (FH) and personal history, skin prick tests (SPTs) and specific IgE (RAST), who were admitted to the Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Division of Rome University since they were affected with respiratory allergy. We have prepared a sheet with questions and possible answers. Consequently, we have studied the FH of these children asking whether their parents and brothers/sisters had atopic diseases, and specifying whether such disorders were respiratory or food allergies (FA). The parents of all children gave their informed consent. We analyzed data using the X2 method. 42.3% of their parents were atopic, as well as their 20 brothers/sisters. In total, 90.2% of fathers, 84% of mothers and 65% of brothers/sisters had asthma or allergic rhinitis (AR). We add that some parents had urticarial, further there were mothers and brothers/sisters experiencing atopic dermatitis (AD), and some mothers with food allergy (FA). In 23 children from these parents most had AD and respiratory allergy. In 250 children comparable for age and sex with no respiratory disorder supplied from our out patient clinic 40 parents, 14 mothers and 26 fathers and 9 brothers/sisters had asthma or AR (p = 0.0001), some fathers had also urticaria and two brothers AD. A major part of respiratory allergy is not transmitted by mothers: we stress that 42.3% of parents are atopic, and FH of their children was positive for respiratory allergy in 82-92% of cases. Thus respiratory allergy can have an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance, but considering the other atopic diseases, the transmission can be polygenic. The impact of genetic factors in these children is stressed by the relevant quote of asthmatic brothers/sisters. actual accordance between MZ and DZ twins [5]. Twin studies have also revealed a positive evidence for environmental influences, where unshared environmental influences appeared to be important [6]. Most printed studies in this domain have ascertained that everywhere between 40% and 70% of asthma heredity is preferable to hereditary factors [7]. We stress that several studies on asthma genetics have be...

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Ten‐year prognosis for generalized infantile eczema

Cited by 59 publications

References 17 publications

Atopic dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis

Economic Burden of Atopic Manifestations in Patients With Atopic Dermatitis - Analysis of Administrative Claims

In 250 Children we Demonstrate that the Transmission of Allergy and Asthma is Chiefly Genetic, Mainly when these Children are Asthmatic

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