Ten Years of African Swine Fever in Ukraine: An Endemic Form of the Disease in the Wild Boar Population as a Threat to Domestic Pig Production

Omelchenko, Hanna; Avramenko, Natalia O.; Petrenko, M.; Wojciechowski, Jarosław; Pejsak, Z.; Woźniakowski, Grzegorz

doi:10.3390/pathogens11121459

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 42 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Whether this trend continues in Ukraine remains to be determined, and it has been suggested that ASF may have become endemic in Ukraine [ 59 ]. In 2021, Ukraine reported only thirteen outbreaks in domestic pigs and three cases of ASF in wild boar [ADNS].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Characterization of African Swine Fever Dynamics in Ukraine, 2012–2023

Bezymennyi

Tarasov

Kyivska³

et al. 2023

Vaccines

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

African swine fever (ASF) is a viral disease, endemic to Africa, that causes high mortality when introduced into domestic pig populations. Since the emergence of p72-genotype II African swine fever virus (ASFV) in Georgia in 2007, an ASF epidemic has been spreading across Europe and many countries in Asia. The epidemic first reached Ukraine in 2012. To better understand the dynamics of spread of ASF in Ukraine, we analyzed spatial and temporal outbreak data reported in Ukraine between 2012 and mid-2023. The highest numbers of outbreaks were reported in 2017 (N = 163) and 2018 (N = 145), with overall peak numbers of ASF outbreaks reported in August (domestic pigs) and January (wild boars). While cases were reported from most of Ukraine, we found a directional spread from the eastern and northern borders towards the western and southern regions of Ukraine. Many of the early outbreaks (before 2016) were adjacent to the border, which is again true for more recent outbreaks in wild boar, but not for recent outbreaks in domestic pigs. Outbreaks prior to 2016 also occurred predominantly in areas with a below average domestic pig density. This new analysis suggests that wild boars may have played an important role in the introduction and early spread of ASF in Ukraine. However, in later years, the dynamic suggests human activity as the predominant driver of spread and a separation of ASF epizootics between domestic pigs and in wild boars. The decline in outbreaks since 2019 suggests that the implemented mitigation strategies are effective, even though long-term control or eradication remain challenging and will require continued intensive surveillance of ASF outbreak patterns.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Characterization of African Swine Fever Dynamics in Ukraine, 2012–2023

Bezymennyi

Tarasov

Kyivska³

et al. 2023

Vaccines

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…З початку повномасштабного вторгнення рух російських військ відбувався з територій Брянської, Курської та Білгородської областей, де неодноразово виявляли ДНК вірус африканської чуми свиней не тільки серед поголів'я свійських та диких тварин, а й у продуктах харчової промисловості. Саме це в сукупності зі зниженням загального рівня біобезпеки господарств через надзвичайну ситуацію у країні становить значну небезпеку щодо розповсюдження не тільки АЧС, а й інших інфекційних хвороб тварин (Omelchenko et al, 2022).…”

Section: вступunclassified

The effect of military activities on the epizootic situation of ASF in the Sumy region

Dudnyk

Фотіна

2023

SMLNUVMB

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Using publicly available information from the State Service of Ukraine on Food Safety and Consumer Protection on the cases of African swine fever in Ukraine, the epidemiological situation regarding ASF in the Sumy region was analyzed, taking into account the consequences of military activities. When considering the ways of spreading the virus, the impact of the armed aggression of the Russian Federation on the main risk factors for the spread of the disease was revealed. In our opinion, wild boars, the number of which has increased by 19.3 % in the region over the past year and which is not regulated by hunters due to the hunting ban, remain a particularly dangerous way of spreading the virus. Hostilities, shelling and the movement of military equipment through the ASF-affected regions directly affect the migration processes of disturbed wildlife, which can quickly spread the virus over long distances, spread it within the population and transmit it to the domestic livestock. An important anthropogenic factor in the spread of the disease is the chaotic contamination of military base areas with unprocessed food residues that may contain a viable virus and, together with other fomites, contaminate the environment. Therefore, state anti-epizootic measures and methods of monitoring infectious diseases should be updated to reflect the realities of today. To control the circulation of the ASF virus among wildlife in the Sumy region under the conditions of a ban on monitoring culling, 25 samples of swabs, feed residues and feces from the feeding grounds of three forestries were studied using Real-Time PCR. In 100 % of the samples, no African swine fever virus DNA was detected, which means a negative result. However, the probable absence of the disease within the studied forestries did not prevent the region from having three outbreaks of ASF among domestic animals during 2022, which is a significant deterioration in the epizootic situation compared to the positive case-free year of 2021. Thus, the epidemiological situation regarding African swine fever in the Sumy region remains unfavorable and requires significant attention due to a number of factors that are dangerous and atypical for peacetime and may significantly affect the spread of numerous infectious diseases.

show abstract

“…the Baltic countries, the Republic of Korea), and others seeing cases mostly among domestic pigs (e.g. Romania, Ukraine, China, and much of southeast Asia) with likely spillover to-and-from wild boar (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7). In many countries, spillover is highly suspected but the current surveillance bias is likely to prevent accurate evaluation of this transmission route (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multi-host mechanistic model of African swine fever emergence and control in Romania

Hayes,

Vergne,

Rose

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

African swine fever (ASF) has devastating effects on swine production, farmer livelihood, animal welfare, and biodiversity. Extremely difficult to control, epidemic management is further complicated when spillover between domestic pig and wild boar populations is suspected. To quantify ASF viral transmission between domestic pigs and wild boar, a spatially-explicit stochastic mechanistic model was constructed using village centroids to represent aggregated backyard pig herds and a hexagonal raster of forest coverage to represent wild boar abundance. The model was parameterized to the initial six months of the ongoing Romanian epidemic through approximate Bayesian computation. It was estimated that a median of 69.4% (interquartile range: 53.0–80.0%) of domestic pig herd cases came from other infected domestic pig herds while 20.4% (11.2–33.8%) originated from infected wild boar sources, and 8.4% (4.7–14.2%) stemmed from external sources not explicitly represented. Also, 31.9% of infected wild boar habitat (16.7–56.2%) originated from domestic pig herds and 68.1% (43.8–83.3%) came from neighboring infected wild boar populations. Furthermore, it was found that habitats with a forest coverage greater than 15% were 2.6 times more infectious and 5.3 times more susceptible than other habitats. All alternative control scenarios, including culling domestic pig herds upon local domestic pig or wild boar case detection, improved epidemic outcomes, with the greatest decrease in final epidemic size being observed from the reactive culling of entire villages following case detection. These results can be used to further inform policy recommendations in ASF-epidemic regions.Significance StatementThe current African swine fever (ASF) pandemic is devastating to affected nations, and quantifying transmission parameters is critical to informing control strategies. Disease spillover between wild and domestic hosts further complicates control efforts, yet the influence of spillover events on epidemic propagation remains unknown. Using the context of Romania—one of the European nations with the most severe epidemic and where spillover transmission is strongly suspected—we show that targeting spillover mechanisms is critical for achieving holistic disease control, and then demonstrate the impact of alternative control scenarios had they been enacted. These results can inform control strategy policy decisions in the many nations at-risk for or actively experiencing ASF epidemics.

show abstract

Ten Years of African Swine Fever in Ukraine: An Endemic Form of the Disease in the Wild Boar Population as a Threat to Domestic Pig Production

Cited by 5 publications

References 42 publications

Epidemiological Characterization of African Swine Fever Dynamics in Ukraine, 2012–2023

Epidemiological Characterization of African Swine Fever Dynamics in Ukraine, 2012–2023

The effect of military activities on the epizootic situation of ASF in the Sumy region

A multi-host mechanistic model of African swine fever emergence and control in Romania

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About