The solid-state diffusion bonding experiments of the high Nb containing TiAl alloy were successfully carried out at the 1100℃ under a uniaxial pressure of 30MPa for 45min, and the microstructure as well as the shear strength of the diffusion bonding interface with different surface roughness were investigated. The surface roughness was measured by AFM, and the microstructure characterization of interfaces was taken by SEM, EDS, AES. In addition, the bond qualities were evaluated by shear testing at room temperature. The results indicated that the surface roughness is of importance to improve the quality of diffusion bonding joint. Moreover, the white layer microstructure at the bonding interface was found in some samples which was caused by the oxygen content about 2%~3%. Furthermore, the shear teat showed that the shear strength of the joints can achieve 383MPa with the surface roughness is 0.062μm. Meanwhile, the recrystallization phenomenon at the diffusion bonding interface could improve the shear strength.