“…Elaborate analyses were conducted to evaluate the effects of damage on stiffness characteristics. The stochastic nature of gradual damage accumulation in composites was explicitly taken into account in statistical models of damage accumulation in composites developed, for example, by Rosen (1964), Zweben (1968), Tamuzh (1979, Harlow andPhoenix (1979), Batdorf (1982), Ovchinskii (1988), Phoenix (1993), Curtin (1993aCurtin ( , 1993b, Dzenis et al (1993Dzenis et al ( , 1994, and Dzenis and Joshi (1997). The models predicted gradual damage accumulation of different types under various loads.…”