Tensile properties of ADI material in water and gaseous environments

Rajnović, Dragan; Baloš, Sebastian; Šidjanin, Leposava; Cekic, Olivera Eric; Novaković, Jasmina Grbović

doi:10.1016/j.matchar.2015.01.001

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The proof strength is statistically least influenced by water concentration. This corresponds to literature findings [19,20,29] that it is necessary to reach a certain level of applied elastic stress and plastic strain, which will allow sufficient hydrogen chemisorption and thus formation and propagation of the crack. The statistically significant results were obtained only at high water concentrations of 10 and 100 vol.% for ADI 904, and at 100 vol.% for ADI 903 (sudden fracture of the ADI 903).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…They suggested a different model, which implies chemisorption. Contrarily, our previous research [29] showed that only the water and hydrogen gas considerably decreased mechanical properties, that is, caused the embrittlement, while small (helium) or large gaseous atoms (argon) have no impact. Furthermore, the fracture surface analysis suggested that the embrittled zone morphology near the specimen surface shares undeniable similarities to the fatigue fracture surface containing common striation lines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Furthermore, the fracture surface analysis suggested that the embrittled zone morphology near the specimen surface shares undeniable similarities to the fatigue fracture surface containing common striation lines. This indicates that cyclic local-chemisorption, microembrittlement, and local-fracture play a key role in forming the brittle zone and thus brittle behavior of the ADI material [29]. Chemisorption weakens the atomic bonds in the metal and, in the presence of adequate stress, initiates a crack that becomes unstable under critical strain and grows rapidly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Water Concentration in Ethyl Alcohol on the Environmentally Assisted Embrittlement of Austempered Ductile Irons

Janjatovic

Cekic

Šidjanin

et al. 2021

Metals

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Austempered ductile iron (ADI) is an advanced cast iron material that has a broad field of application and, among others, it is used in contact and for conveyance of fluids. However, it is noticed that in contact with some fluids, especially water, ADI material becomes brittle. The most significant decrease is established for the elongation. However, the influence of water and the cause of this phenomenon is still not fully understood. For that reason, in this paper, the influence of different water concentrations in ethyl alcohol on the mechanical properties of ADI materials was studied. The test was performed on two different types of ADI materials in 0.2, 4, 10, and 100 vol.% water concentration environments, and in dry condition. It was found that even the smallest concentration of water (0.2 vol.%) causes formation of the embrittled zone at fracture surface. However, not all mechanical properties were affected equally and not all water concentrations have been critical. The highest deterioration was established in the elongation, followed by the ultimate tensile strength, while the proof strength was affected least.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Water Concentration in Ethyl Alcohol on the Environmentally Assisted Embrittlement of Austempered Ductile Irons

Janjatovic

Cekic

Šidjanin

et al. 2021

Metals

Self Cite

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“…The strength should be mainly provided by the Fe matrix, which is composed of acicular ferrite and high carbon austenite. Acicular ferrite is a harder phase compared with the retained austenite, and therefore, the austempered S‐300 sample with more acicular ferrite exhibited the highest strength. However, the austempered S‐450 sample with more acicular ferrite compared with the austempered S‐550 sample showed a lower strength.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Graphite Nodules on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Hollow Ductile Iron Pipe after Austempering Treatment

Wang

Gao

et al. 2019

steel research int.

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Herein, the microstructure and mechanical properties of ductile iron with different numbers of graphite nodules before and after austempering treatment are systematically investigated. The results show that the amounts of graphite nodules affect the microstructure and resulting mechanical properties of ductile iron. The ferrite fraction in an as-cast matrix decreases with the increase in graphite nodules; this outcome is mainly attributed to the cooling rate. The matrix of ductile iron after austempering treatment is composed of acicular ferrite and retained austenite. The acicular ferrite is refined with the increase in graphite nodules, because the increase in interface between graphite/austenite provides more nucleation sites during austempering treatment. Meanwhile, the formation of ferrite causes carbon atoms to diffuse into the surrounding matrix, giving rise to the increase in carbon concentration of untransformed austenite and further stabilizing the retained austenite. Hence, the volume fraction of retained austenite and the carbon content in it both increase with the increase in graphite nodules. The amounts in graphite nodules affect the mechanical properties significantly after austempering treatment; this outcome is related to the phase constituents of ductile iron after austempering treatment. Herein, the detailed mechanisms are discussed.

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“…However, it should be pointed out that ADI materials experience additional embrittlement in contact with water [ 105 ] and other liquids containing even the smallest amount of water [ 106 ]. This is more pronounced for the ADI materials austempered at lower temperatures and it affects elongation the most, while 0.2% yield strength is mostly unaffected.…”

Section: Advanced Cast Irons—austempered Ductile Ironmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solutions of Critical Raw Materials Issues Regarding Iron-Based Alloys

et al. 2021

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The Critical Raw Materials (CRMs) list has been defined based on economic importance and supply risk by the European Commission. This review paper describes two issues regarding critical raw materials: the possibilities of their substitution in iron-based alloys and the use of iron-based alloys instead of other materials in order to save CRMs. This review covers strategies for saving chromium in stainless steel, substitution or lowering the amounts of carbide-forming elements (especially tungsten and vanadium) in tool steel and alternative iron-based CRM-free and low-CRM materials: austempered ductile cast iron, high-temperature alloys based on intermetallics of iron and sintered diamond tools with an iron-containing low-cobalt binder.

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Tensile properties of ADI material in water and gaseous environments

Cited by 6 publications

References 18 publications

The Effect of Water Concentration in Ethyl Alcohol on the Environmentally Assisted Embrittlement of Austempered Ductile Irons

The Effect of Water Concentration in Ethyl Alcohol on the Environmentally Assisted Embrittlement of Austempered Ductile Irons

Influence of Graphite Nodules on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Hollow Ductile Iron Pipe after Austempering Treatment

Solutions of Critical Raw Materials Issues Regarding Iron-Based Alloys

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