Tensile shear strength of wood bonded with urea–formaldehyde with different amounts of microfibrillated cellulose

Kwon, Jin Kyung; Lee, Seung Hwan; Ayrılmış, Nadir; Han, Tae Hyung

doi:10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2015.04.002

Cited by 34 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The strength of the bond layer was likely increased because of the crosslinking network from the methylene groups of PVAc molecules and the methylol groups of starch reacting with the hydroxyl groups from CNF. As noted earlier by Kwon et al (2015), a cross-linked network between the methylol groups of the UF molecules and the hydroxyl groups of the cellulose was explained. Additionally, high amounts of water in both commercial PVAc adhesives and CNF suspensions led to a water-based environment for the adhesive mixtures with good surface wetting property along with a good bond strength hold by nanocellulose fibres.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 55%

“…In the previously reported studies, the shear strength in single-lap joint tests ranged from 4.5 to 7.5 MPa (PF adhesives added with microcrystalline cellulose by AttaObeng et al 2013), from 6.7 to 8.5 MPa (Hibiscus sabdariffa fibre addition to UF adhesives by Singha and Thakur 2008), and from 11.7 to 14.5 MPa (UF with microfibrillated cellulose by Kwon et al 2015). In this study, shear strength of modified PVAc adhesives, with the addition of water, 0.64% and 0.96% CNF suspensions, showed results from 7.85 to 10.47 MPa.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…They reported that the cellulose nanomaterials have a positive impact on interlocking formation between woods and they can improve the mechanical properties of adhesives. Kwon et al (2015) announced a similar increase of the tensile shear strength of wood bonded with microfibrillated cellulose and the reinforcing of UF adhesives with an ammonium chloride solution as the hardener. Chaabouni and Boufi (2017) investigated the influence of CNF additions on the properties of waterborne polyvinyl acetate (PVA) adhesive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effect of Cellulose Nanofibrils on the Bond Strength of Polyvinyl Acetate and Starch Adhesives for Wood

et al. 2018

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Nanocellulose is a competitive reinforcement material for use in biocomposite structures and fibrous products. In this study, adhesive mixtures of dicarboxylic acid cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) were dispersed into commercial polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) and starch adhesives, which were applied to Norway spruce (Picea abies) to assess their performance in wood joining. Single-lap joints were prepared and tested with PVAc mixtures with 0 to 0.64 wt% CNF and starch glue mixtures containing 0 to 1.07 wt% CNF. CNF suspensions having three concentrations (0.64, 0.96, and 1.28%) were compared. The results showed that the optimum amount of CNF, 0.48% suspensions, added to PVAc increased the average lap joint strength (EN 205:2003) by 74.5% when compared to control specimens with pure PVAc. Correspondingly, 0.96% CNF suspensions also enhanced the strength of starch adhesive by 34.5%. Lower and higher CNF concentrations showed clearly inferior performance.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

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Effect of Cellulose Nanofibrils on the Bond Strength of Polyvinyl Acetate and Starch Adhesives for Wood

et al. 2018

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“…Those method caused the limit addition of nanocellulose into adhesive. The more the cellulose suspension was added, the higher amount of water content in the system resulted in lowering the solid adhesive content which further slower the curing and gelling process (Kwon et al, 2015). The synthesis reaction of UF resin are possible to be conducted at three condition alkaline, weak acid, and strong acid.…”

Section: Nanocellulose In Wood Adhesivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanocellulose: From Fundamentals to Advanced Applications

et al. 2020

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Over the past few years, nanocellulose (NC), cellulose in the form of nanostructures, has been proved to be one of the most prominent green materials of modern times. NC materials have gained growing interests owing to their attractive and excellent characteristics such as abundance, high aspect ratio, better mechanical properties, renewability, and biocompatibility. The abundant hydroxyl functional groups allow a wide range of functionalizations via chemical reactions, leading to developing various materials with tunable features. In this review, recent advances in the preparation, modification, and emerging application of nanocellulose, especially cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), are described and discussed based on the analysis of the latest investigations (particularly for the reports of the past 3 years). We start with a concise background of cellulose, its structural organization as well as the nomenclature of cellulose nanomaterials for beginners in this field. Then, different experimental procedures for the production of nanocelluloses, their properties, and functionalization approaches were elaborated. Furthermore, a number of recent and emerging uses of nanocellulose in nanocomposites, Pickering emulsifiers, wood adhesives, wastewater treatment, as well as in new evolving biomedical applications are presented. Finally, the challenges and opportunities of NC-based emerging materials are discussed.

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“…For many years, nanomaterials have received much interest for application in adhesives due to high specifi c surface areas and unique mechanical properties (Heon Kwon et al,2015). Nanocomposites are formed by the dispersion of nanoparticles into the polymer.…”

Section: Introduction 1 Uvodmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Nanoparticles and Moisture Content on Bonding Strength of Urea Formaldehyde Resin Adhesive

et al. 2018

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Wood and wood products have been used in different environmental conditions. Moisture content (MC) and relative humidity (RH) are key parameters for these conditions and bonding strength. Nanotechnology has paved the way to more durable adhesives. An experimental study was conducted to examine the effects of various nanoparticles and moisture content on bonding strength of urea formaldehyde (UF) resin adhesive. In this study, nanosilicon dioxide (SiO 2) and titanium dioxide (TiO 2) were blended with UF. Nanoparticle reinforced adhesives were processed at different nano fi llers concentrations (0.5 % and 1 %) and each adhesive was tested at the moisture content of 0 %, 12 %, 18 % and 25 %. According to the results of bonding strength tests, contained nano-SiO 2 adhesives showed better bonding strengths as compared to the control (pure UF) and contained nano-TiO 2 adhesives. The highest bonding strength has been determined at 12 % wood moisture in all specimens. Increasing the moisture content has decreased bonding strength of all samples including control samples. This study showed that nano (SiO 2 and TiO 2) particles have improved the bonding strength of pure UF. Besides, the addition of nano-SiO 2 and nano-TiO 2 changed the physicochemical properties of UF adhesive by XRD test. The novelty of this study was to demonstrate that nanoparticles (SiO 2 and TiO 2) could be benefi cial for the bonding strength of UF adhesive in harsh environmental conditions.

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Tensile shear strength of wood bonded with urea–formaldehyde with different amounts of microfibrillated cellulose

Cited by 34 publications

References 15 publications

Effect of Cellulose Nanofibrils on the Bond Strength of Polyvinyl Acetate and Starch Adhesives for Wood

Effect of Cellulose Nanofibrils on the Bond Strength of Polyvinyl Acetate and Starch Adhesives for Wood

Nanocellulose: From Fundamentals to Advanced Applications

The Impact of Nanoparticles and Moisture Content on Bonding Strength of Urea Formaldehyde Resin Adhesive

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