Tensile Tests on Individual Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes: Linking Nanotube Strength with Its Defects

Wang, Mingsheng; Golberg, Dmitri; Bando, Yoshio

doi:10.1002/adma.201001463

Cited by 78 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…From measurements on individual multi-walled CNTs, tensile strength of 150 GPa was found by Demczyk et al [18]. Using highresolution transmission electron microscopy Wang et al 63 AE 23 GPa with a maximum value of 102 GPa [61].…”

Section: Pull-out Test Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In fact, the force to elongate the CNT during sensor application is also acting on its interface to the embedding metal electrode. Still, CNTs exhibit a very high elastic modulus (970 AE 160 GPa [65]) and tensile strength of up to 150 GPa [18,61]. Taking into account the comparably weak interactions between CNTs and embedding noble metals [5], the assessment of mechanical interface strength and critical loading conditions is an important issue for the sensor design and its layout to prevent damage or failure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental and computational studies on the role of surface functional groups in the mechanical behavior of interfaces between single-walled carbon nanotubes and metals

et al. 2015

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To study the mechanical interface behavior of single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) embedded in a noble metal, we performed CNTmetal pull-out tests with in situ scanning electron microscope experiments. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were conducted to predict forcedisplacement data during pull-out, providing critical forces for failure of the system. In MD simulations, we focused on the influence of carboxylic surface functional groups (SFGs) covalently linked to the CNT. Experimentally obtained maximum forces between 10 and 102 nN in palladium and gold matrices and simulated achievable pulling forces agree very well. The dominant failure mode in the experiment is CNT rupture, although several pull-out failures were also observed. We explain the huge scatter of experimental values with varying embedding length and SFG surface density. From simulation, we found that SFGs act as small anchors in the metal matrix and significantly enhance the maximum forces. This interface reinforcement can lead to tensile stresses sufficiently high to initiate CNT rupture. To qualify the existence of carboxylic SFGs on our CNT material, we performed analytical investigation by means of fluorescence labeling of surface species and discuss the results. With this contribution, we focus on a synergy between computational and experimental approaches involving MD simulations, nano scale testing, and analytics (1) to predict to a good degree of accuracy maximum pull-out forces of single-walled CNTs embedded in a noble metal matrix and (2) to provide valuable input to understand the underlying mechanisms of failure with focus on SFGs. This is of fundamental interest for the design of future mechanical sensors incorporating piezoresistive single-walled CNTs as the sensing element

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Section: Pull-out Test Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and computational studies on the role of surface functional groups in the mechanical behavior of interfaces between single-walled carbon nanotubes and metals

et al. 2015

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“…Individual CNTs have exceptional mechanical, thermal and electrical properties, with tensile strengths up to 100 GPa, thermal conductivities up to 3000 W m -1 K -1 and electrical resistivities as low as 5×10 -6 Ω cm [1][2][3]. However, the ability to translate the superior properties of individual CNTs into a macro-scale CNT material for bulk applications remains an unsolved challenge, with even the strongest materials only able to capture one-hundredth of the available individual CNT tensile strength [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalyst nanoparticle growth dynamics and their influence on product morphology in a CVD process for continuous carbon nanotube synthesis

Hoecker

Smail²,

Bajada

et al. 2016

Carbon

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Extrapolating the properties of individual CNTs into macro-scale CNT materials using a continuous and cost effective process offers enormous potential for a variety of applications.The floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (FCCVD) method discussed in this paper bridges the gap between generating nano-and macro-scale CNT material and has already been adopted by industry for exploitation. A deep understanding of the phenomena occurring within the FCCVD reactor is thereby key to producing the desired CNT product and successfully scaling up the process further. This paper correlates information on decomposition of reactants, axial catalyst nanoparticle dynamics and the morphology of the resultant CNTs and shows how these are strongly related to the temperature and chemical availability within the reactor. For the first time, in-situ measurements of catalyst particle size distributions coupled with reactant decomposition profiles and a detailed axial SEM study of formed CNT materials reveal specific domains that have important implications for scale-up.A novel observation is the formation, disappearance and reformation of catalyst nanoparticles along the reactor axis, caused by their evaporation and re-condensation and mapping of different CNT morphologies as a result of this process.

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“…Caused by very strong intrinsic carbon ( C ) bonds, CNTs exhibit along the axis direction a very high elastic modulus [21] ) and tensile strength [22,23] . But due to its high chemical inertness [24] , it is expected that CNTs show in general weak interactions to contacting noble metals [25][26][27][28] .…”

Section: Article In Pressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards nanoreliability of sensors incorporating interfaces between single-walled carbon nanotubes and metals: molecular dynamics simulations and in situ experiments using electron microscopy

et al. 2016

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Tensile Tests on Individual Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes: Linking Nanotube Strength with Its Defects

Cited by 78 publications

References 28 publications

Experimental and computational studies on the role of surface functional groups in the mechanical behavior of interfaces between single-walled carbon nanotubes and metals

Experimental and computational studies on the role of surface functional groups in the mechanical behavior of interfaces between single-walled carbon nanotubes and metals

Catalyst nanoparticle growth dynamics and their influence on product morphology in a CVD process for continuous carbon nanotube synthesis

Towards nanoreliability of sensors incorporating interfaces between single-walled carbon nanotubes and metals: molecular dynamics simulations and in situ experiments using electron microscopy

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