Tensions in State–Local Intergovernmental Response to Emergencies: The Case of COVID-19

McDonald, Bruce D.; Goodman, Christopher B.; Hatch, Megan E.

doi:10.1177/0160323x20979826

Cited by 45 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The first was pragmatic—states are the highest resolution for geographic references in the UAS. The second was theoretical—while smaller geographies (i.e., counties or municipalities) may have been more salient to individual disease risk, for policies regarding quarantines, mask‐wearing, mobility and accessibility of goods and services, states policies frequently preempted municipal policies (McDonald III et al, 2020; Treskon and Docter, 2020).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in US Alcohol Consumption Frequency During the First Wave of the SARS‐CoV‐2 Pandemic

McKetta

Morrison

Keyes

2021

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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Background The SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic created disruptions and stressors which may have influenced alcohol consumption frequency trends. Varying COVID‐19 health burden and alcohol policies may have contributed to different consumption trends between states. The aim of this study is to assess trends in alcohol consumption and moderation by state of residence. Methods We examined trends in adult drinking days, during the first wave of the pandemic (March 10 to June 8) using longitudinal data from the Understanding America Study ( N = 6,172 unique participants; N = 28,059 observations). Because state mandates were responsive to disease burden, we modeled the interaction of time by COVID‐19 burden, defined as whether the state had the median (or higher) daily incidence of COVID‐19 cases on the survey date, and state random effects. We controlled for individual sociodemographics, perceived personal/familial COVID‐19 burden, mental health symptomology, and risk avoidance. Results Drinking days increased throughout the duration (incidence risk ratio [IRR] for drinking per increase in one calendar day = 1.003, 95% CI 1.001, 1.004); trends were heterogeneous by disease burden, with individuals living in states with lower COVID‐19 burden increasing (IRR = 1.005, 95% CI 1.003, 1.007) faster than those living in states with higher COVID‐19 burden (IRR = 1.000, 95% CI 0.998, 1.002). Trends were heterogeneous between states, but there was no evidence of systematic geographic clustering of state trends. Conclusions Drinking days increased during the first months of the COVID‐19 pandemic, particularly among residents of states with lower disease burden.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in US Alcohol Consumption Frequency During the First Wave of the SARS‐CoV‐2 Pandemic

McKetta

Morrison

Keyes

2021

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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“…This means that in our empirical analyses, we may have underestimated the actual effect of both the overall lockdown stringency as well as effects of the separate lockdown measures on software developers' productivity when the implementation of these measures differed at lower administrative levels, e.g., region or municipality. Empirically, this applies in particular to large countries and countries with wide differences in infection rates at the local level, e.g., the United States (McDonald et al 2020).…”

Section: Country-level Covid-19 Countermeasuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Has Covid-19 increased gender inequalities in professional advancement? Cross-country evidence on productivity differences between male and female software developers

Hipp¹,

Konrad

2022

JFamRes

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Objective: This article analyzed gender differences in professional advancement following the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic based on data from open-source software developers in 37 countries. Background: Men and women may have been affected differently from the social distancing measures implemented to contain the Covid-19 pandemic. Given that men and women tend to work in different jobs and that they have been unequally involved in childcare duties, school and workplace closings may have impacted men’s and women’s professional lives unequally. Method: We analyzed original data from the world’s largest social coding community, GitHub. We first estimated a Holt-Winters forecast model to compare the predicted and the observed average weekly productivity of a random sample of male and female developers (N=177,480) during the first lockdown period in 2020. To explain the cross-country variation in the gendered effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on software developers’ productivity, we estimated two-way fixed effects models with different lockdown measures as predictors – school and workplace closures, in particular. Results: In most countries, both male and female developers were, on average, more productive than predicted, and productivity increased for both genders with increasing lockdown stringency. When examining the effects of the most relevant types of lockdown measures separately, we found that stay-at-home restrictions increased both men’s and women’s productivity and that workplace closures also increased the number of weekly contributions on average – but for women, only when schools were open. Conclusion: Having found gender differences in the effect of workplace closures contingent on school and daycare closures within a population that is relatively young and unlikely to have children (software developers), we conclude that the Covid-19 pandemic may indeed have contributed to increased gender inequalities in professional advancement.

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“…Similarly, Ahrens and Ferry ( 2020 ), through in-depth reviewing of official reports and the news media examined England’s LG financial resiliency in the aftermath of COVID-19. Interestingly though, McDonald et al ( 2020 ) in their study based in the USA revealed that new conflicts arose within the state–local intergovernmental system when state and local governments were trying to tackle the COVID-19 outbreak. On the other hand, Asuncion ( 2020 ) investigated on the public’s communication preferences, their level of trust in the government, and the factors influencing their risk/crisis perception in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding rural local government response during COVID-19-induced lockdown: perspective from Bangladesh

Sohel

Ehsan²,

Zaman³

et al. 2022

SN Soc Sci

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This study intends to explore the responses of local government during the COVID-19-induced lockdown in the rural areas, with particular emphasis on Bangladesh. By adopting a qualitative phenomenological research approach and employing multi-method data collection techniques (for instance, Key Informant Interview (KII), Focus Group Discussion (FGD), participant observation, and content analysis), this study found that the local governments managed the crisis of the pandemic relatively well with its limited manpower and funding through adequate preparedness and prevention strategies; effective emergency responses; and consolidated post-lockdown measures. The study revealed that the Bangladesh local government promptly took some essential actions, such as preparedness and prevention, arrangement of home quarantine and isolation, the training program for readiness, and disseminated crucial information to the local people during the pandemic, such as using masks, hand washing and sanitizing, and social distancing. Besides, the local government delivered relief, such as food and non-food items and financial support. Furthermore, the rural local government took post-lockdown responses to tackle pandemic in rural Bangladesh. Nevertheless, the service delivery individuals from local governance encountered numerous challenges, like scarcity of manpower, less support, and superstition, while providing services during the pandemic.

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Tensions in State–Local Intergovernmental Response to Emergencies: The Case of COVID-19

Cited by 45 publications

References 28 publications

Trends in US Alcohol Consumption Frequency During the First Wave of the SARS‐CoV‐2 Pandemic

Trends in US Alcohol Consumption Frequency During the First Wave of the SARS‐CoV‐2 Pandemic

Has Covid-19 increased gender inequalities in professional advancement? Cross-country evidence on productivity differences between male and female software developers

Understanding rural local government response during COVID-19-induced lockdown: perspective from Bangladesh

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