Tensor Network-Encrypted Physical Anti-counterfeiting Passport for Digital Twin Authentication

Abstract

The trend of digitalization has produced rapidly increasing data interaction and authentication demand in today’s internet of things ecosystem. To face the challenge, we demonstrated a micro-scale label by direct laser writing to perform as a passport between the physical and digital worlds. On this label, the user information is encrypted into three-dimensional geometric structures by a tensor network and then authenticated through the decryption system based on computer vision. A two-step printing methodology is applied to code the randomly distributed fluorescence from doped quantum dots, which achieved physical unclonable functions (PUFs) of the passport. The 105 bits/mm2 data storage density enables abundant encrypted information from physical worlds, for example, the biometric data of human users. This passport guarantees the strong correlation between the user’s privacy data and the PUF-assisted codes, successfully overcoming the illegal transfer of authentication information. Due to its ultra-high security level and convenience, the printed passport has enormous potential in future digital twin authentication anytime anywhere, including personal identity, valuable certificates, and car networking.

Exploring Trends and Opportunities in Quantum‐Enhanced Advanced Photonic Illumination Technologies

“…By integrating these capabilities with real-time sensor data feeds through digital twins, it could profoundly reshape the digital modeling and control of physical systems. [3][4][5] These developments, which utilize quantum mechanical concepts, have the potential to accelerate quantum photonic processes and enhance the interactions between light and matter. [6] However, a major obstacle is to mitigate the problems of noise and decoherence, which lead to defects in the processing of quantum information due to the entanglement of qubits with external systems.…”

“…By integrating these capabilities with real‐time sensor data feeds through digital twins, it could profoundly reshape the digital modeling and control of physical systems. [ 3–5 ]…”

Liquid Crystalline Network Microstructures for Stimuli Responsive Labels with Multi‐Level Encryption

“…[44] As a first simple prototype, we demonstrated a micrometric tag with a code that is invisible except under certain environmental conditions. [45,46] During DLW, hidden information (in this case a letter) has been encoded in elementary units assembled in a 2D array. The elements are indistinguishable from the outside and only using an appropriate reading mechanism, e.g.…”

Carbon Nitride Nanosheet-Based Photochromic Physical Unclonable Functions for Anticounterfeiting Applications

“…However, the widely used anticounterfeiting labels are produced by predictable and deterministic coding processes, which means that these tags are likely to be copied by counterfeiters . To overcome this drawback, a new type of anticounterfeiting label based on physical unclonable functions (PUFs; also known as physical one-way functions) has been developed. − A PUF is composed of uncopiable elements with inherent random features introduced in the manufacturing process. Since the concept of PUFs was first proposed by Pappu et al in 2002, various optical responses (e.g., reflection, scatterings, − diffraction, luminescence, − and a mixture of these optical responses − ) used in conventional anticounterfeiting labels have also been applied to the PUF anticounterfeiting field.…”

“…To overcome this drawback, a new type of anticounterfeiting label based on physical unclonable functions (PUFs; also known as physical one-way functions) has been developed. − A PUF is composed of uncopiable elements with inherent random features introduced in the manufacturing process. Since the concept of PUFs was first proposed by Pappu et al in 2002, various optical responses (e.g., reflection, scatterings, − diffraction, luminescence, − and a mixture of these optical responses − ) used in conventional anticounterfeiting labels have also been applied to the PUF anticounterfeiting field. Although photochromic phenomena have been widely discovered, − as far as we know, photochromic PUFs have not been reported.…”