Tephra Layers in a Sediment Core from Lake Hestvatn, Southern Iceland: Implications for Evaluating Sedimentation Processes and Environmental Impacts on a Lacustrine System Caused by Tephra Fall Deposits in the Surrounding Watershed

The multi‐component Hekla Ö Tephra, Iceland: a complex widespread mid‐Holocene tephra layer

“…A relatively primitive basalt composition has previously been observed in tephra layers in soil sections from central and south‐east Iceland (Óladóttir, , ) and in lake sediments in east, west and north‐west Iceland (Hardardóttir et al , ; Jóhannsdóttir, ; Gudmundsdóttir et al , , ; Gunnarsson, ; Harning et al , ). Furthermore, a more evolved basalt composition is seen in at least three tephra layers in central and west Iceland (Jóhannsdóttir, ; Óladóttir, ; Gunnarsson, ).…”

“…Changes in (A) the silicic component and (B) the basaltic component of the Hekla Ö tephra as observed in distal deposits from east to west across Iceland. LÖG (Gudmundsdóttir et al , ), KAR, SNÆ, SAU, HRE, NÚP (Óladóttir et al , ), KVÍ (Gudmundsson, ), SVA, HER (this study), LGA, MD99‐2275 (Gudmundsdóttir et al , ), BAR, KAG (Eddudóttir, ; Eddudóttir et al , ; this study), SKR/SKO, (Gudmundsdóttir et al , ; Harning et al , ), BAE, TRK (Harning et al , ), NHV, DAG, REY, BRA (Gudmundsdóttir et al , ), HST (Hardardóttir et al , ; Jóhannsdóttir, ), HAK, HVÍ (Jóhannsdóttir, ), ARN (Gunnarsson, ), TAGL (Jónsson, ; this study), and MOS, ELL (Sigurgeirsson and Hjartarson, ). See Fig.…”

“…That is within error of the 6060 ± 115 cal a bp obtained by Gudmundsdóttir et al (). Although Hekla T has been identified in several sediment cores (Hardardóttir et al , ; Jóhannsdóttir, ; Gunnarsson, ; Harning et al , , ), the tephra layer has not been identified in soil sections, including sections close to Hekla despite a dedicated search for that layer. Interestingly, the andesite composition (60.45 ± 0.65 wt% SiO 2 ) analysed by Hardardóttir et al () in the Hekla T tephra is similar to that of the tephra analysed by Sigurgeirsson and Hjartarson () from the capital region (Table S2).…”

Distribution, sediment magnetism and geochemistry of the Saksunarvatn (10 180 ± 60 cal. yr BP) tephra in marine, lake, and terrestrial sediments, northwest Iceland

“…Increasing attention is being paid to the distribution of late Quaternary Icelandic tephras in both terrestrial and marine settings from around the northern North Atlantic (Ruddiman and Glover, 1972;Kvamme et al, 1989;Lacasse et al, 1996;Haflidason et al, 2000;Hardardóttir et al, 2001). Individual tephra layers represent isochrons that can be used to correlate marine and terrestrial sequences over 100s to 1000s of kilometres, thus circumventing problems associated with issues such as spatial and temporal changes in the ocean reservoir correction (Bard et al, 1994;Eiríksson et al, 2000a,b;Haflidason et al, 2000).…”

Holocene climate variability at multidecadal time scales detected by sedimentological indicators in a shelf core NW off Iceland

“…A considerable amount of paleoclimatic work has been carried out on the Icelandic terrestrial archive (Arnalds, 1987;Caseldine, 1987;Hallsdó ttir, 1990Hallsdó ttir, , 1995Ingó lfsson, 1991;Norddahl, 1991;Norddahl and Haflidason, 1992;Björck et al, 1992;Caseldine and Stötter, 1993;Caseldine and Hatton, 1994;Gudmundsson, 1997;Geirsdó ttir et al, 1997;Stötter et al, 1999;Hardardó ttir et al, 2001), while studies based on marine sediments were less common (Haflidason, 1983;Hagen, 1995). More recently attention has turned to paleoenvironmental records from the shelf and fjords of northwest and north of Iceland (Knudsen et al, 2004;Andrews and Giraudeau, 2003;Knudsen and Eiríks-son, 2002;Larsen et al, 2002;Geirsdó ttir et al, 2002;Andrews et al, 2001a,b,c;Eiríksson et al, 2000a,b;Jiang et al, 2002;Castañeda, 2001;Smith, 2001) aimed at understanding climate variability and ocean processes through the Holocene.…”