Teratogenic and biochemical effects of a formulation containing dicofol in the chick embryo

Abstract

The insecticide formulation, dicofol (18.5% EC) was evaluated for its toxic potential in developing chick embryo. Fertilized eggs of Gallus domesticus on 4th day of incubation were immersed in aqueous emulsions of dicofol at concentrations of 250 mg L À1 , 500 mg L À1 , and 1000 mg L À1 for 60 min at 37 C. These concentrations were corresponding to those used in plant protection practice (500 mg L À1 ). Two control groups of eggs were used: one group was immersed in distilled water (vehicle) and the second group was kept as untreated to study background toxicity. On embryonic day 7; recovered embryos were evaluated for mortality rate, wet body weight, gross morphological malformations, and some biochemical changes. The result revealed that administration of dicofol did not result in significant changes in wet body weight of embryo but the survival rate of dicofol treated embryos were markedly reduced as compared with controls. Among the survivors, the number of malformations was exhibited by dicofol treated embryos in dose-dependent manner. Among biochemical changes, only total protein content of embryo significantly ( p 0.05) reduced to 500 mg L À1 and 1000 mg L À1 . Among enzymes, alkaline phosphatase and glutamate pyruvate transaminase activities were affected, which showed significant elevations.

Residues of plant protection products in grey partridge eggs in French cereal ecosystems

“…Intoxication can then lead to death or to sublethal behavioural or immune disorders that can favour the death (cf. Garg et al 2004 ; Lopez-Antia et al 2013 , 2015 ; Millot et al 2015 ; and ref therein), as well as reproductive disorders such as anomalies in courtship behaviour (Fernie et al 2003 ; Ottinger et al 2008 ); anatomical anomalies of gonads (Bauer 1985 ); decrease in chick production rate through reduced clutch size, clutch abandonment, reduced fertility, teratogenicity or other effects such as eggshell thinning (Fernie et al 2003 ; Kamata et al 2010 ; Kitulagodage et al 2011 ; Lopez-Antia et al 2015 ; Maci and Arias 1987 ; Mendenhall et al 1983 ; Mineau 2005 ); reduced chick survival and poor chick condition (Bhaskar et al 2012 ; Kitulagodage et al 2011 ; Lopez-Antia et al 2015 ; Mineau 2005 ; Nitu et al 2012 ; Uggini et al 2012 ). Intergenerational effects are also observed (Bauer 1985 ; Fernie et al 2003 ).…”

Probing Cytocompatibility, Hemocompatibility, and Quantitative Inflammatory Response in Mus musculus toward Oxide Bioceramic Wear Particulates and a Comparison with CoCr

“…The assessment of complete blood count and serum biochemical parameters of animals can be considered as a diagnostic tool to determine the physiological status of cells or tissues. 40 Toxic agents, once distributed into the circulating system, are generally known to interfere with important biochemical and enzymatic processes of metabolism that regulate the normal physiology of animals. 41 Any type of alteration in these processes can affect normal functioning of vital organs and disrupt overall homeostasis of organism.…”