Terbufos-sulfone exacerbates cardiac lesions in diabetic rats: a sub-acute toxicity study

Abstract

Organophosphorus compounds (OPCs) have a wide range of applications, from agriculture to warfare. Exposure to these brings forward a varied kind of health issues globally. Terbufos is one of the leading OPCs used worldwide. The present study investigates the cardiac effect of no observable dose of a metabolite of terbufos, terbufos-sulfone (TS), under nondiabetic and streptozotocin-induced diabetic condition. One hundred nanomoles per rat (1/20 of LD 50 ) was administered intraperitoneally to adult male Wister rats daily for fifteen days. The left ventricle was collected for ultrastructural changes by transmission electron microscopy. The blood samples were collected for biochemical tests including RBC acetylcholinesterase, creatinine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides, ALT, AST, and GGT. The study revealed about 10 % inhibition of RBCAChE in two weeks of TS treatment in non-diabetic rats whereas RBC-AChE activity was significantly decreased in diabetic TS treated rats. CK, LDH, and triglycerides were significantly higher in diabetic TS treated rats. Electron microscopy of the heart showed derangement and lesions of the mitochondria of cardiomyocytes in the TS treated groups. The present study concludes that a non-lethal dose of TS causes cardiac lesions which exacerbate under diabetic condition. Biochemical tests confirmed the ultrastructural changes. It is concluded that a non-lethal dose of TS may be a risk factor for a cardiovascular disease, which may be fatal under diabetic condition.

Mixture of Organophosphates Chronic Exposure and Pancreatic Dysregulations in Two Different Population Samples

“…The parameters lipase, insulin, and glycemia are much higher in OP-exposed diabetic subjects; this suggests that exposure to organophosphorus pesticide form a gravity factor for diabetic's conditions. Our results are in concordance with earlier studies (85,86). The Cameroonian population is much more sensitive to this variation compared to the Pakistani population; for example, the lipase value is 197.67 in OP-exposed diabetic subjects in the Cameroonian population against 179.02 in the Pakistani population.…”

Synergistic action of organophosphates and COVID-19 on inflammation, oxidative stress, and renin-angiotensin system can amplify the risk of cardiovascular maladies

“… Organophosphate studied Model animal Dose, route and duration of exposure Signs of cardiotoxicity Reference Terbufos-sulfone Male Wister rats 1/20 of LD 50 /day, intraperitoneal, 15 days Damaged mitochondria of cardiomyocytes. Nurulain et al, 2016 Dichlorvos Wistar rats 8.8 mg/kg, oral, 21 days Lack of striations, myocardial hemorrhage and necrosis-like features detected in heart tissues; Cardiac cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, atherogenic and atherosclerotic indices were elevated. Imam et al, 2018 Fenthion Sprague-Dawley rats 0.8 g/kg, subcutaneous, 24 h Elevated levels of Troponins and myocardial injury, including edema, inflammation, vacuolization and necrosis.…”

Oxidative Stress and Analysis of Selected SNPs of ACHE (rs 2571598), BCHE (rs 3495), CAT (rs 7943316), SIRT1 (rs 10823108), GSTP1 (rs 1695), and Gene GSTM1, GSTT1 in Chronic Organophosphates Exposed Groups from Cameroon and Pakistan

“…The collected blood was divided into two tubes for subsequent analysis for plasma and serum fractions, using EDTA coated and plain glass tubes respectively. The blood was centrifuged at 3500 rpm for 10 min at 25 [7,59] have previously shown that cholinesterase activities particularly AChE can be used as a marker to measure acute and/or chronic exposure to OPs pesticides. RBC-acetylcholinesterase (RBC-AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activities were determined according to Worek et al [60] using Specord 50 plus spectrophotometer (Number; 233H1280C, Analytic Jena, Jena, Germany).…”

“…Insecticides have also been linked to human DNA damage, multiple degenerative diseases, and cancer [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Organophosphates (OPs) are one of the widely used pesticides (more than 50% of world consumption) globally and their use is expected to increase even more in coming years, with the direct consequence of increased health problems [ 6 , 7 ]. Adverse health effects of OPs have been attributed predominantly to their systemic actions, i.e., they block the degradation of acetylcholine at cholinergic synapses by irreversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) [ 8 , 9 ].…”