Ternary and quaternary composition diagrams: an overview of the subject

Abstract

This paper is a review of graphical methods for representing tertiary and quaternary systems. The focus is on the representation of compositions while temperature and pressure variables are not specifically treated.

ÊA simple approach for THE DETERMINATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TERNARY PHASE DIAGRAMS of aqueous two-phase systems composed of water, poly(ethylene) glycol and sodium carbonate

“…Two 3-hour periods (classes) is not straightforward, and "it may be difficult to estimate the composition represented by a specific point, simply by taking a quick glance at the diagram." [21] The orthogonal representation is the most used approach by researchers in the field of ATPS extractions [3,22,23] ; thus, it is also important for students to become acquainted with it. It must be remarked that, for high concentration values, the solubility limit of one of the solutes may be reached.…”

Phase Relations in Ternary Systems in the Subsolidus Region: Methods To Formulate Solid Solution Equations and To Find Particular Compositions

“…Procedures to interpret ternary phase diagrams are well-described in the literature. ,,, If all of the components have been specified, it is sufficient to establish the proportions of two of them, and the third component can be obtained by subtraction. For example, if a system has the components A, B, and C and consists of 30% A and 50% B, the proportion of C is clearly 20%.…”

An Excursion into Phase Tetrahedra-Where Physical Chemistry and Geometry Meet

“…Although any triangle can be used to represent the composition of a ternary system (1), it is most convenient to use an equilateral triangle (2,3). Each apex of the triangle represents a pure component (i.e., 100%); the opposite base represents 0% of this component.…”

“…The quasi-ternary phase triangles WSC and WDE are not equilateral triangles, but rather isosceles. 1 We now understand that we may draw an infinite number of quasi-ternary cross-sectional phase diagrams for this system, and also that a given dilution line may be represented on a multitude of such diagrams. Note that it is possible to prove by purely geometrical means that the two triangles intersect at the same point B as was derived from the compositional analysis.…”

“…The phase behavior of single-component and multicomponent systems is commonly described graphically by phase diagrams. These diagrams specify the phases that are formed under various predetermined experimental conditions and uniquely define their compositions (1,2). Phase diagrams are frequently encountered in chemistry, chemical engineering, metallurgy, and geology (1).…”