A novel family of inorganic–organic-hybrid
SeFe3(CO)9–dipyridyl two- and one-dimensional
Cu polymers
was synthesized via the three-component liquid-assisted grinding (LAG)
of [Cu(MeCN)4]+, inorganic cluster [SeFe3(CO)9]2– (1), and
rigid conjugated dipyridyls 4,4′-dipyridyl (dpy) and 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene
(bpee) or flexible conjugation-interrupted dipyridyls 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane
(bpea) and 1,3-bis(4-pyridyl)propane (bpp). They included a cluster-linked
2D polymer, [(μ4-Se)Fe3(CO)9Cu2(MeCN)(dpy)1.5]
n
(1-dpy-2D), a cluster-pendant 1D chain, [(μ3-Se)Fe3(CO)9Cu2(dpy)3]
n
(1-dpy-1D), cluster-blocked
1D polymers, [(μ3-Se)Fe3(CO)9Cu2(L)]
n
(1-L-1D, L = bpee, bpea), and a cluster-linked 2D polymer, [(μ4-Se)Fe3(CO)9Cu2(bpp)2]
n
(1-bpp-2D). The
reversible dimensionality transformations of these three types of
polymers accompanied by the change in coordination modes of 1 were achieved by the LAG addition of 1/[Cu(MeCN)4]+ or dipyridyl ligands. These polymers were found
to possess tunable low-energy gaps (1.49–1.72 eV) that increased
in the order regarding their structural features: cluster-linked 1-dpy-2D and 1-bpp-2D, cluster-blocked 1-bpea-1D and 1-bpee-1D, and cluster-pendant 1-dpy-1D and [(μ3-Se)Fe3(CO)9Cu2(L)2.5]
n
(L = bpee, 1-bpee-2D; bpea, 1-bpea-2D),
indicative of the importance of the participation of cluster 1. The measured electrical conductivities of 1-bpp-2D, 1-bpea-1D, and 1-dpy-1D were 3.13 ×
10–7, 2.92 × 10–7, and 2.30
× 10–7 S·cm–1, respectively,
which were parallel for the trend in their energy gaps, revealing
semiconducting behaviors, supported by XPS, XANES, and DFT calculations.
The surprising semiconductivity of the conjugation-interrupted bpp-linked 1-bpp-2D was mainly ascribed to electron transport via C–H···O(carbonyl)
hydrogen bonds and aromatic C–H···π contacts
within its closely packed 2D layers. Water-/light-stable polymers 1-bpp-2D, 1-bpea-2D, and 1-dpy-1D were also demonstrated to exhibit excellent pseudo-first-order photodegradation
toward nitroaromatics and organic dyes, where cluster-linked polymer 1-bpp-2D performed the best, as predicted by its structural
features and narrow energy gap.