Ternary nanofluid with heat source/sink and porous medium effects in stretchable convergent/divergent channel

Abstract

Flow and heat distribution over a convergent or divergent channel plays a major role in aeronautical, pharmaceutical, dynamic, civil, climatic, and biomechanical engineering, as well as heat transfer through a porous medium, has piqued the interest of researchers due to its numerous aerospace and automotive manufacturing, including waste disposal, raw petroleum products, grain collection, porous coating, petroleum lagoons, groundwater pollution, packed-bed power plants etc. Further, addition of nanoparticles to base liquid will improve the thermal distribution. Based on the above affordable application the present study will focus on heat transfer enhancement in ternary nanofluids flows induced by stretched convergent or divergent channels. The mobility of ternary nanoparticles occurs in the porous zone. The uniform energy absorption and generation influence is included in the energy expression. Through the use of comparable variables, the flow expressions are transformed into a system of non-linear ODEs (ordinary differential equations). To tackle the problem, the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg fourth and fifth order (RKF-45) scheme with shooting procedure is adopted. The nature of imposing limitations on physically significant quantities is explored and carried out. The augmentation in solid volume-fraction of both stretched/shrinked channels resulted a reduction in temperature. Furthermore, it is found that the increasing heat sink or source factor and Eckert number augmented the rate of energy transport in the diverging channel, but reverse nature is found in the converging channel. It is also noticed that the ternary nanofluid has a greater impact than the hybrid and mano-nanofluid.

The physical impact of blowing, Soret and Dufour over an unsteady stretching surface immersed in a porous medium in the presence of ternary nanofluid

“…The simplified equations and boundary conditions ( 7)-( 11) are solved numerically using the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg 45 technique and the shooting operation is implemented by using thermophysical properties 35 and thermophysical properties of nanoparticles 39,40 given in Table 1, setting the constraints' values as Sc = 0.8, Du = 0.01, ω = 0.5, δ = 0.1/0.0, λ = 0.1, ɸ 1 = ɸ 2 = ɸ 3 = 0.01, Sr = 0.1 by setting the error tolerance as 10 −6 and step size 0.1. The obtained numerical results are validated with the accessible literature of Hassanien et al 41 and Salleh et al 42 best match each other (see Table 2).…”

“…Abbas et al 34 studied the modified nanofluid flow on a time‐dependent Riga plate. Ramesh et al 35 studied the heat source/sink and porous medium effects in a converging/diverging channel in the presence of a ternary nanofluid.…”

Impact of homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions in the presence of hybrid nanofluid flow on various geometries

“… Madhukesh et al (2021b ) analyzed the flow of Casson NF through a porous medium. Ramesh et al (2022 ) used ternary NF to study the HSS and porosity effects in a stretched divergent/convergent channel. Chamkha and Ben-Nakhi (2008 ) examined the presence of Soret and Dufour effects and MHD mixed convection–radiation interaction along a permeable surface submerged in a porous medium.…”

Multiple aspects of heat generation/absorption on the hydromagnetic flow of Carreau nanofluids via nonuniform channels

“…Pal and Mandal 26 used the RKF45 algorithm to estimate numerical solutions for convective nanofluids flow over a stretchable/shrinkable surface underneath the impact of viscous dissipations. In recent years, several researchers Hayat et al, 27 Ajibade and Umar, 28 Ahmad et al, 29 and Ramesh et al 30 In summary, the forgoing research has been accomplished by presenting flow and heat transport mechanisms through converging or diverging channel in the presence of viscous dissipation, heat generation/absorption, and magnetic field for viscous nanofluids. However, rare works have concentrated on the magnetic and Joule heating effects, as well as the convective heat and mass transport of non-Newtonian nanofluids through converging or diverging channel.…”

“…Pal and Mandal 26 used the RKF45 algorithm to estimate numerical solutions for convective nanofluids flow over a stretchable/shrinkable surface underneath the impact of viscous dissipations. In recent years, several researchers Hayat et al, 27 Ajibade and Umar, 28 Ahmad et al, 29 and Ramesh et al 30…”