Terpolymers from lactide and bisphenol a derivatives: Scale‐up, properties, and blends

Abstract

Terpolymerization of L-lactide (LA) and bisphenol A derivatives was performed on few hundred gram scale, and the resultant terpolymer (TP) was characterized by gel permeation chromatography, infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and thermogravimetric analysis. Moderate molecular weight (M n $ 12 kg/ mol) TP was achieved with glass transition temperatures about 100 C (DSC and DMA). The TP exhibited improved thermal stability compared with polylactide (PLA), with a thermal degradation temperature of about 80 C higher than PLA. Although the TP exhibited distinctly different surface morphology compared with that of PLA, both showed similar contact angle and surface energy (ca. 40 mN/m) properties. Blends of PLA and TP showed enhanced glass transition ($ 5 C change in T g ) temperatures compared with PLA homopolymer. This is due to the compatibility of PLA and TP. Thus, TP could be used as an additive for PLA-based blends to enhance compatibility with phenolic-based resins. TP electrospun fiber morphology is also reported.

Effect of Surface Energy on Dispersion and Mechanical Properties of Polymer/Nanocrystalline Cellulose Nanocomposites

“…Based on image analysis of a TEM image (Figure ), the average length and thickness of NCC over 150 particles were 171 ± 79.7 and 15.1 ± 5 nm, respectively. These dimensions are in accordance with the literature …”

“…There is no consensus in the literature about the surface energy data of polymer materials (even using the same technique such as contact angle measurements). For instance, one study reported 10.5, 29.7, and 40.2 mJ/m 2 for the polar part, dispersion part, and total surface energy of PLA . Another study reported the following values for PLA: 39.6 mJ/m 2 for dispersion, 3.9 mJ/m 2 for polar, and 43.5 mJ/m 2 for total surface energy .…”

“…For instance, one study reported 10.5, 29.7, and 40.2 mJ/m 2 for the polar part, dispersion part, and total surface energy of PLA. 25 Another study reported the following values for PLA: 39.6 mJ/m 2 for dispersion, 3.9 mJ/m 2 for polar, and 43.5 mJ/m 2 for total surface energy. 26 It was shown that PLA surface energy can vary from 35.9 to 43.9 mJ/ m 2 , depending on sample preparation.…”

“…These dimensions are in accordance with the literature. 25 Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to determine the 3D shape and dimensions (length, width, and height) of NCC particles (Figure 2). A typical example of cross section analysis on NCC AFM image is shown in Figure 3.…”

Fabrication of Polylactic Acid-Modified Carbon Black Composites into Improvement of Levelness and Mechanical Properties of Spun-Dyeing Polylactic Acid Composites Membrane

“…Moreover, interface energy of original CB and PLA was calculated as 13.2 mN/m, and interface energy of PLA- g -KH560/CB and PLA was calculated as 1.5 mN/m (Table ). These results mean that interface energy PLA composites membrane could be reduced by modification of CB particle. − …”