Territorial disparities in Europe

Abstract

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A Network-based Approach on Opportunity Recognition

“…More specifically, in regional settings where it is more likely that new information will be provided through one's network (e.g., because of the higher number of possible contacts or the higher ''in-stream'' of new contacts), there may be more potential to perceive entrepreneurial opportunities (Niebuhr and Stiller, 2003). Furthermore, our findings in terms of the effect of ''the nature of residential area'' may also give some very tentative support to Burt's (1992) research on ''structural holes''.…”

“…Big agglomerates are regions in which at least 90% of the population lives in urban settlements, or in which the population of the largest urban settlement is at least 15,000. 2 Although the focus of recent European policy has been on the decrease of economic and social differences across regions in Europe (Stewart, 2002), there are indications that European regions often still differ in terms of important characteristics (Niebuhr and Stiller, 2003). For Belgium, the research focus has often been on the structural differences between the Flemish and the Walloon region in terms of their employment structure and overall economic prosperity (D'Addio and Nicaise, 2003).…”

“…The allocation of the respondents to these three categories was based on the population characteristics of the locations where the respondents reside. 1 We associate the category ''rural location'' with areas likely characterized by high network cohesiveness whereas the category ''big agglomerates'' reflects areas with low network cohesiveness (Niebuhr and Stiller, 2003). On one hand, we assume that rural areas are more likely to be characterized by networks with strong relationships and less structural holes among their residents.…”

“…In this paper we related network cohesiveness to the ''nature of residential area'', i.e., we associated the category ''rural location'' with areas high in network cohesiveness, the category ''big agglomerates'' with areas low in network cohesiveness, and the category ''urban areas'' as an intermediate category (Niebuhr and Stiller, 2003). We realize that this operationalization of ''network cohesiveness'' is rather crude and open to discussion.…”

Applying territorial impact assessment in a multi-level policy-making context – the case of Slovenia

“…This can result in spatial or as it is referred to in the EU, 'territorial' differences in policy impacts (Niebuhr & Stiller 2003;Porter 2003;Pike et al 2006;ARL 2008; Commission of the European Communities 2009; EU Ministers 2011). Acknowledging differential impacts is important, as successful EU development programs must inevitably be 'a judicious combination of general principle and localized compromise, reflecting the actual geography and history of each individual region' (Scott 1998, p. 117).…”