Terrorism and inbound tourism: Does immigration have a moderating effect?

Harb, Georges; Bassil, Charbel

doi:10.1177/1354816619843452

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 90 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…These results are echoed in recent work by Harb and Bassil (2020), investigating the impact of terrorism on tourism flows within the group of countries of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. They also found an inverse U-shaped relationship: below a certain level, terrorism had a positive correlation with tourism, but beyond a certain threshold the relationship turned negative.…”

Section: Insecurity and Tourismmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…1 The new gold standard in gravity models includes structural forces or high-dimensional fixed effects in the specification to capture multilateral resistance terms (Anderson and Yotov, 2012; Fally, 2015). As discussed by Harb and Bassil (2020), bilateral tourism flows not only are determined by factors affecting the attractiveness of the destination country but also depend on the attractiveness of alternative destinations. This effect can be termed ‘multilateral resistance to tourism’ and can be controlled for by including source- and destination-specific year fixed effects as well as dyadic fixed effects in the PPML estimation procedure.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Tourism falls apart: How insecurity affects African tourism

Santana-Gallego

Fourie

2020

Tourism Economics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Although it seems obvious that tourism flows would be adversely affected by terrorism, crime and corruption, not all the empirical evidence supports this view. This article investigates the extent to which insecurity hurts tourism in Africa. We use a new data set consisting of 187 countries, 38 of which are in Africa, for the period 1995–2017. It combines information on the number of tourist arrivals in African countries with information on three types of security risk – terrorism, crime and corruption. While we find no statistically significant evidence that connects terrorism to tourism globally, we do find an effect for tourists travelling to Africa. Crime, too, hurts tourism, but we find no robust relationship between corruption and tourism. Our results emphasize the importance of government expenditure on safety and security to protect this labour-intensive and pro-poor sector.

show abstract

Section: Insecurity and Tourismmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tourism falls apart: How insecurity affects African tourism

Santana-Gallego

Fourie

2020

Tourism Economics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Tourists may, however, be willing to accept the risk if the destination is exceptional enough to entice them (Frey, Luechinger, & Stutzer, 2007;Lepp & Gibson, 2003). In the same vein, a number of papers have shown that the effect of political instability/terrorism on tourism may be non-linear; that is, it starts adversely impacting tourism after reaching a certain threshold (Harb & Bassil, 2019;Mitra, Pham, & Bandyopadhyay, 2018;Saha & Yap, 2014). Sharifpour, Walters, and Ritchie (2013) and Morakabati and Kapu sci nski (2016) opine that risk appetite varies across tourist groups, from allocentric to psychocentric, and is mainly determined by the personality traits of tourists and the uniqueness of the destination.…”

Section: Tourism and Geopolitical Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geopolitical risk and tourism: Evidence from dynamic heterogeneous panel models

Lee

Olasehinde‐Williams

Akadırı³

2020

Journal of Tourism Research

117

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper provides an empirical insight into how geopolitical risks impact international tourism demand. An augmented tourism demand function was developed and empirically estimated in line with classical theory for a panel of 16 countries from 2005M1 to 2017M12 through the AMG and CCEMG estimation techniques that address underlying heterogeneity, non‐stationarity, and cross‐sectional dependence. The study further examines the potential moderating effect of covid‐19 outbreak on the relationship between geopolitical risk and tourism by investigating the interactive effect of past outbreaks and geopolitical risks on tourism demand. Additional insight on causal relations between geopolitical risks and tourism demand was obtained using panel bootstrapping technique. The results show that geopolitical risk negatively impacts tourism demand, and that pandemic outbreaks aggravate the negative impact of geopolitical risks on tourism demand. Panel causality outcomes further confirm that geopolitical risk is a significant predictor of tourism demand (captured by either tourism receipts or number of inbound tourists). Our findings confirm that the dynamic attributes of both local and international political environments significantly impact the consumption decision of tourists and the economic performance of tourist destinations. Our recommendation is that pre‐crisis, in proposing policy directions for tourism sector development, policy‐makers should establish crisis management plans to protect the tourism sector. Post‐crisis, policy‐makers should initiate aggressive recovery marketing strategies to re‐establish the image of safety and attractiveness required to reassure potential tourists of the safety of the destination, thereby ensuring return to competitiveness and economic recovery.

show abstract

“…The attacks on Brussels and Istanbul airports are, alongside the attacks at sites in several French cities, including Paris, different in that they directly involved foreign travellers (Harb and Bassil, 2019;Isaac and Velden, 2018;Lagrave, 2016;Liu and Pratt, 2017;Oliveira and Costa, 2018;Reuter et al, 2018). Further, such events have not only influenced tourists' behaviours in terms of preferred travel destinations and their overall pre-and postpurchasing behaviours but have also increased the perceived risk of travelling and decreased travel flexibility (Hsu et al, 2009).…”

Section: Tourism Crisesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tourophobia: fear of travel resulting from man-made or natural disasters

Çakar¹

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how crises impact overall tourist behaviour and travel preferences in times of crisis events, both man-made and natural disasters. In doing so, the present paper has been designed to provide a new conceptualization of travellers’ shifting preferences in terms of the selection of holiday destinations through the new concept of tourophobia and to classify this as a new type of tourist behaviour. Design/methodology/approach The present study uses a literature review as a qualitative deductive content analysis of 58 field studies published by major hospitality and tourism journals. By using a deductive content analysis approach, the current paper is designed to delineate tourist behaviour through a generic review of relevant literature detailing travellers’ preferences in times of crisis. Findings The developed concept of tourophobia and the suggested model, which proposes two possible scenarios, shows that traveller behaviour is heterogeneous in terms of the destination selection process; this finding is based on a content analysis of the articles chosen. Further, by using the developed model, the decline in travel and tourism can also be explained by an increase in what is termed in this paper “tourophobia”, which results from the various devastating effects of crises. Research limitations/implications The proposed model is expected to help destination managers and marketers to segment and forecast the future market demand of tourist travel preferences, thereby enabling them to form effective marketing strategies and increase their responsiveness during difficult times. Only articles from hospitality and tourism journals were subjected to content analysis; this is a major limitation of the study. Originality/value The present research contributes to current knowledge by describing the concept of tourophobia as a tourist behaviour in times of crisis. As an emerging phenomenon, it is also introduced as being one criterion for the selection of destinations and, therefore, is regarded as a driver for tourist behaviour, thus generating the originality of the paper. This study strives to provide a new direction for future studies on tourist behaviour, rather than offering new empirical data.

show abstract

Terrorism and inbound tourism: Does immigration have a moderating effect?

Cited by 19 publications

References 90 publications

Tourism falls apart: How insecurity affects African tourism

Tourism falls apart: How insecurity affects African tourism

Geopolitical risk and tourism: Evidence from dynamic heterogeneous panel models

Tourophobia: fear of travel resulting from man-made or natural disasters

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About