Test No. 243: Lymnaea stagnalis Reproduction Test

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doi:10.1787/9789264264335-en

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The snail mortality did not differ between the treatments at the end of the experiment. The average mortality in the control accounted for 22% (table SM3), which is slightly higher than OECD recommendations (OECD 2016a(OECD , 2016b. The mechanical action of the blades on the snails also accounted for mortality (3 individuals in a C 60 replicate and 1 in one control M A N U S C R I P T…”

Section: Mortality and Biomassmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Intermediate dilutions were prepared with filtered rainwater to achieve a final nominal concentration of 1 µg/L in the respective experimental units. The final concentration of methanol in the water of the experimental units was negligible (1µL/L) and therefore did not affect the ecotoxicological responses in the organisms (OECD 2016a(OECD , 2016b.…”

Section: Chemicals and Chemical Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exposure to single and binary mixtures of fullerenes and triclosan: Reproductive and behavioral effects in the freshwater snail Radix balthica

López-Doval

Freixa

Santos

et al. 2019

Environmental Research

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Emerging pollutants occur in complex mixtures in rivers and have the potential to interact with freshwater organisms. The chronic effects of nominal exposure to 3 µg/L of fullerenes (C 60 ) and 1 µg/L of triclosan (TCS) alone and in a binary mixture, were evaluated using the freshwater snail Radix balthica. Pollutants accumulation, reproductive output and feeding behavior were selected as sublethal endpoints. After 21 days of exposure, we did not observe interactive effects between TCS and C 60 on the studied endpoints, except for the accumulation of C 60 in R. balthica in TCS + C 60 treatment, which was lower than when the fullerenes were alone. Neither TCS nor C 60 caused significant effects on reproduction, expressed as number of eggs per individual, but an increase in the clutch size was observed in treatments with TCS at the third week of exposure, independently of the presence of C 60 (16.15 ± 1.67 and 18.9 ± 4.01 eggs/egg mass in TCS and TCS + C 60 treatments, respectively, vs. 13.17 ± 4.01 in control). The presence of C 60 significantly enhanced the grazing activity of R. balthica during the first seven days (4.95 ± 1.35 and 3.91 ± 0.59 % of the area grazed per individual in C 60 and TCS + C 60 treatments, respectively, vs 2.6 ± 0.39 % in control). The accumulation of TCS was quite similar in treatments where this pollutant was present (BAF ≈ 1007 L/kg d.w.); however, the accumulation of C 60 was higher when the nanoparticles were alone (BAF = 254.88 L/kg d.w.) than when it was in the binary mixture (BAF = 7.79 L/kg d.w). Overall, although TCS has been listed as an endocrine disrupter compound, no significant effects on reproduction were observed in the assayed conditions. Regarding C 60 , the limited effects on feeding activity and the low BAF obtained in this experiment indicate that fullerenes do not have ecological consequences of relevance at the studied environmental concentrations in freshwater snails.

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Section: Mortality and Biomassmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Chemicals and Chemical Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to single and binary mixtures of fullerenes and triclosan: Reproductive and behavioral effects in the freshwater snail Radix balthica

López-Doval

Freixa

Santos

et al. 2019

Environmental Research

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“…Adult snails B. glabrata (BH strain) with a shell diameter of 10 ± 2 mm and a total weight of 0.28 ± 0.04 g were obtained in the Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health from the Federal University of Goiás (UFG -Brazil) and maintained in laboratory conditions accordingly to Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guideline nº 243 [35]. Snails were maintained in tanks filled with 20 L of dechlorinated water under controlled conditions of temperature (26 ± 1 °C), pH (7.0 ± 1) and photoperiod (12:12h light/ dark cycle).…”

Section: Snailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Insights into the Gametogenesis of Biomphalaria glabrata (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Pulmonata): Implications for Histopathological Assessment

Rodrigues

Caixeta

Rocha

2021

Braz. arch. biol. technol.

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The reproductive system has a fundamental role in population dynamics and several reproduction strategies have been shaped by the environment over time. Many environmental pressures are generated by releasing pollutants, as endocrine disruptors, that can affect the reproductive system of individuals, among them invertebrates. The freshwater snails Biomphalaria spp. are used as biomonitor in several ecotoxicological studies; however, there are few studies about gametogenesis and morphology of reproductive snail cells, which could be used as a new biomarker. In this sense, the current study aims to characterize Biomphalaria glabrata gametogenesis, bringing new histomorphometric parameters for germinative cells. Results showed that the hermaphrodite tissue is formed by several acini with simple pavement epithelium with germinative and somatic cells. Oogenesis was classified into five developmental stages (OI to OV) according to diameter, nucleus area, total area, and follicular cell development, and then classified into previtellogenic and vitellogenic oocytes. The spermatogenesis was classified into spermatogonia (Spg), spermatocytes (Spc) and spermatids that were subdivided into five stages (Spt I to Spt V) according to cytoplasm losing, and nucleus spiralization along with Sertoli cells development. Thus, the HIGHLIGHTS  The gametogenesis of Biomphalaria glabrata was described. Oogenesis was classified into five developmental stages. New histomorphometric parameters were described for oocytes. Spermatogenesis was classified into seven stages of development. B. glabrata histomorphometric parameters as a tool for environmental and public health researches.2 Rodrigues, C.C.; et al.

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“…Three mesocosms were established for each of three treatment types (n ¼ 36) and housed for 3 weeks: control APW, DD (140 mg/L), and glyphosate (3.5 mg/L), and repeated for a total n ¼ 72. Other animals in parallel and pilot studies (n ¼ 108) were established similarly during which snails were housed for up to 6 weeks; although guidelines are in place for 4-week 32 chronic exposure times of related species, 3 weeks of exposure is also common in pond snails 26 and consistently yields reproductive disturbance in our species. 13 Animals were exposed to complete Roundup at 19.5 mg/L; the concentrations of DD and glyphosate solutions were set at five times the US EPA MCL (glyphosate) or MCLG (DD), or allowable concentration in drinking water (EPA 2018), and the Roundup concentration was based on five times the MCL of glyphosate.…”

Section: Animal Culture and Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…30 L. palustris are hermaphroditic and suitable for use as ecotoxicological indicators due to hardiness, year-round reproductive output, rapid developmental progression, ease of rearing and laboratory testing, 31 and high sensitivity to mutagens as documented in closely-related species. 32,33 We applied DD and glyphosate and observed their effects on L. palustris. StAR, reproductive output, and steroid hormone levels are altered following exposure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disturbances in reproduction and expression of steroidogenic enzymes in aquatic invertebrates exposed to components of the herbicide Roundup

Reddy

Nolan

Plautz

2018

Toxicology Research and Application

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Exposure of organisms to environmental contaminants is a growing concern. We have investigated the effects of the individual active ingredients of the herbicide Roundup (glyphosate and diquat dibromide [DD]) since Roundup causes alterations in reproduction, mortality, and development in the aquatic snail Lymnaea palustris. Snails chronically treated with elevated but ecologically relevant levels of DD exhibit reduction in fecundity (p < 0.05), while fecundity in glyphosatetreated snails is comparable to or exceeds control levels. To investigate a possible mechanism for the reproductive disturbance, we monitored levels of steroid acute regulatory (StAR) protein in whole snails and observed a correlation in StAR protein decrease with treatment with Roundup, glyphosate, or DD. We detect StAR in organs where steroid biosynthesis occurs (ovotestis, brain, kidney); StAR protein is reduced following chronic exposure to Roundup, glyphosate, or DD (p < 0.01). Estradiol and testosterone concentrations in hemolymph were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay following 3-week exposure of snails to 3.5 mg/L glyphosate or 140 mg/L DD. Testosterone levels decrease in DD-treated groups (p < 0.05); a trend of lower testosterone is also observed in glyphosate-treated groups (p > 0.05). Estradiol concentration is greater than or equal to control levels in glyphosate, but decreased in DD (p < 0.05). Because of its role in the conversion of testosterone to estradiol, we monitored abundance of aromatase and observed a reduction (p < 0.05) in DD-treated snails (consistent with the drop in fecundity and estradiol levels) and a comparable level to control in glyphosate-treated snails (consistent with their high fecundity and estradiol levels). Although the toxicity of commercially-available Roundup to aquatic animals may have many contributing factors including its inactive surfactant, the constituent of Roundup associated with the greatest reproductive disturbances and observed developmental abnormalities of offspring is DD. This study details the analysis of particular herbicide constituents and their effect on specific targets in the reproductive pathway.

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Test No. 243: Lymnaea stagnalis Reproduction Test

Cited by 20 publications

References 7 publications

Exposure to single and binary mixtures of fullerenes and triclosan: Reproductive and behavioral effects in the freshwater snail Radix balthica

Exposure to single and binary mixtures of fullerenes and triclosan: Reproductive and behavioral effects in the freshwater snail Radix balthica

New Insights into the Gametogenesis of Biomphalaria glabrata (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Pulmonata): Implications for Histopathological Assessment

Disturbances in reproduction and expression of steroidogenic enzymes in aquatic invertebrates exposed to components of the herbicide Roundup

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