Test report : Raytheon / KTech RK30 Energy Storage System

Rose, David Martin; Schenkman, Benjamin L.; Borneo, Daniel R.

doi:10.2172/1115335

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…As it has been shown for a zinc-bromide flow battery, fire hazards can still originate from electric components such as the inverters. 26 The findings reported in this study extend the scope of the existing literature on RFBs and their reliability to the system level. It could be shown that particular attention should be paid to elements not considered in previous studies.…”

Section: F I G U R Esupporting

confidence: 70%

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Assessment of the reliability of vanadium‐redox flow batteries

Reichelt

Müller

2020

Engineering Reports

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Redox flow batteries are an interesting energy storage technology because they allow separate scaling of power and capacity. For their utilization on large scale, it is crucial to ensure reliable operation. Failure modes of elements of the system have been evaluated, both, regarding failure rate and severity of the different failures. As the main failure mode directly linked to a specific component of the redox flow technology, degradation of the membrane due to oxidation by vanadium ions has been identified. However, it is demonstrated that reliability is not solely determined by the specific electrochemistry of the technology. A huge share of the overall failure rate is due to mechanical components such as pumps, valves, and sealing. Based on the findings it can be recommended to design the systems with a certain redundancy regarding cells and pumps but avoid excessive redundancy. This is crucial not only because of high CAPEX of redundant systems, but also because of the increased complexity with more valves and connections required for integrating redundant units.

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Section: F I G U R Esupporting

confidence: 70%

“…Thus, the probability of catastrophic damages beyond the boundaries of the RFB system itself (which might even include injuries or fatalities) is consequently low. As it has been shown for a zinc‐bromide flow battery, fire hazards can still originate from electric components such as the inverters 26 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the reliability of vanadium‐redox flow batteries

Reichelt

Müller

2020

Engineering Reports

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“…The results shown allow for a maximum load of 100% rated capacity for each generator, although the model facilitates imposing a limit (e.g., 80%) in order to leave a spinning reserve for peak loads as done by many microgrid management systems. 13,16 Rather than underloading a generator, microgrid management software can divert excess energy generation to battery storage for use later on when generators are turned off, and batteries can serve the role of providing peak power within their discharge limits. One can also see in Figure 1 that the benefits of PV and wind turbine installations are location-specific with wind performing better in some locations and solar in others.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 Other studies from both academic institutions and government suggest that microgrids with energy storage and scheduling management alone can reduce fuel consumption at FOBs by 20%-30%. 15,16 In addition, researchers are developing optimization models for non-military applications, such as the Food-Energy-Water Microgrid Optimization with Renewable Energy (FEWMORE), which is meant to minimize capital, maintenance, and operations costs for remote Arctic communities. 17 These studies are useful, but they are limited in that they investigate a specific scenario or package of technologies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renewable energy and energy storage to offset diesel generators at expeditionary contingency bases

Katalenich

Jacobson

2021

Journal of Defense Modeling & Simulation

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Expeditionary contingency bases (non-permanent, rapidly built, and often remote outposts) for military and non-military applications represent a unique opportunity for renewable energy. Conventional applications rely upon diesel generators to provide electricity. However, the potential exists for renewable energy, improved efficiency, and energy storage to largely offset the diesel consumed by generators. This paper introduces a new methodology for planners to incorporate meteorological data for any location worldwide into a planning tool in order to minimize air pollution and carbon emissions while simultaneously improving the energy security and energy resilience of contingency bases. Benefits of the model apply not just to the military, but also to any organization building an expeditionary base—whether for humanitarian assistance, disaster relief, scientific research, or remote community development. Modeling results demonstrate that contingency bases using energy efficient buildings with batteries, rooftop solar photovoltaics, and vertical axis wind turbines can decrease annual generator diesel consumption by upward of 75% in all major climate zones worldwide, while simultaneously reducing air pollution, carbon emissions, and the risk of combat casualties from resupply missions.

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