The U.S. Department of Energy's Energy Storage Systems (ESS) Program, through the support of Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) and Sandia National Laboratories (SNL), facilitated the development of the protocol provided in this report. The focus of the protocol is to provide a uniform way of measuring, quantifying, and reporting the performance of ESSs in various applications; something that does not exist today and, as such, is hampering the consideration and use of this technology in the market. The availability of an applicationspecific protocol for use in measuring and expressing performance-related metrics of ESSs will allow technology developers, power-grid operators and other end-users to evaluate the performance of energy storage technologies on a uniform and comparable basis. This will help differentiate technologies and products for specific application(s) and provide transparency in how performance is measured. It also will assist utilities and other consumers of ESSs to make more informed decisions as they consider the potential application and use of ESSs, as well as form the basis for documentation that might be required to justify utility investment in such technologies. 4 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Abstract-CrosstalkCompensation is an approach that enables rapid, higher-resolution impedance spectra measurements of energy storage devices. The input signal consists of a sum-ofsines excitation current that has a known frequency spread. The advantage of Crosstalk Compensation is that high resolution spectra can be acquired within one period of the lowest frequency while also including non-harmonic frequencies. The crosstalk interference at a given frequency can be pre-determined and assigned to an error matrix. The real and imaginary impedance can then be calculated based on the inverse of the error matrix and captured response. Analytical validation of Crosstalk Compensation was performed using a battery equivalent circuit model. Two different frequency ranges were simulated, and both indicated that a minimum step factor between frequencies should be 1.25 to reduce the error in compensating the captured response signal. For a frequency range of 1638.4-0.1 Hz, for example, a maximum of 45 frequencies should be included within the excitation signal to accurately acquire the impedance spectra at high resolution. A simplified derivation of Crosstalk Compensation and its corresponding analytical validation studies are discussed.

The Department of Energy Office of Electricity (DOE/OE), Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) and the Base Camp Integration Lab (BCIL) partnered together to incorporate an energy storage system into a microgrid configured Forward Operating Base to reduce the fossil fuel consumption and to ultimately save lives. Energy storage vendors will be sending their systems to SNL Energy Storage Test Pad (ESTP) for functional testing and then to the BCIL for performance evaluation. The technologies that will be tested are electro-chemical energy storage systems comprising of lead acid, lithium-ion or zinc-bromide. Raytheon/KTech has developed an energy storage system that utilizes zinc-bromide flow batteries to save fuel on a military microgrid. This report contains the testing results and some limited analysis of performance of the Raytheon/KTech Zinc-Bromide Energy Storage System.

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In this paper the performance results of the RedFlow zinc-bromide module (ZBM) Gen 2.0 are reported for Phase 1 of testing, which includes initial characterization of the module. This included physical measurement, efficiency as a function of charge and discharge rates, efficiency as a function of maximum charge capacity, duration of maximum power supplied, and limited cycling with skipped strip cycles. The goal of this first phase of testing was to verify manufacturer specifications of the zinc-bromide flow battery. Initial characterization tests have shown that the ZBM meets the manufacturer's specifications. Further testing, including testing as a function of temperature and life cycle testing, will be carried out during Phase 2 of the testing, and these results will be issued in the final report, after Phase 2 testing has concluded. 4 ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThis work is funded by Dr. Imre Gyuk of the Department of Energy Office of Electricity, Energy Storage Program. We would like to thank RedFlow limited for supplying the zinc-bromine module that was the subject of these tests. We also thank Steven Hickey, Redflow Limited's lead test engineer, for commissioning the system and providing operator training.5