Test-retest reliability of linear and nonlinear measures of postural stability during visual deprivation in healthy subjects

Ghofrani, Masoud; Olyaei, Gholamreza; Talebian, Saeed; Bagheri, Hossein; Malmir, Kazem

doi:10.1589/jpts.29.1766

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The score was affected by a negative answer to question 8 and resulted in losing one point. Only one paper [ 76 ] was rated lower (9/11 points). In this case just like mentioned before, a negative answer to question 10 had an impact.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most commonly used sampling rate was 100 Hz, but it ranged from 100 Hz to 1000 Hz. The values of LyE in the analyzed papers are in the range: 0.12 ± 0.07 [ 76 ]—2.23 ± 0.67 [ 76 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The minimum value obtained in the reviewed works: 0.12 ± 0.07 [76] The maximum value obtained in the reviewed works: 2.23 ± 0.67 [76] Abbreviations: EO-eyes open, EC-eyes closed, DT-dual task, AP-anterior-posterior, ML-medial-lateral direction, Y-young, OA-older adults, M-males, F-females, CG-control group, PWMS-patients with multiple sclerosis, SampEn-study in Table 2.…”

Section: Lyapunov Exponentmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The application of the Lyapunov exponent in the research occurred the least frequently, which makes it the least common form of analysis of the CoP parameter. Ghofrani, Olyaei, Talebian, Bagheri, and Malmir [ 76 ] demonstrated that in healthy young people, the Lyapunov exponent reaches higher values than in older adults and increases in the absence of visual control. The results were also confirmed in the paper [ 41 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nonlinear Measures to Evaluate Upright Postural Stability: A Systematic Review

Kędziorek

Błażkiewicz

2020

Entropy

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Conventional biomechanical analyses of human movement have been generally derived from linear mathematics. While these methods can be useful in many situations, they fail to describe the behavior of the human body systems that are predominately nonlinear. For this reason, nonlinear analyses have become more prevalent in recent literature. These analytical techniques are typically investigated using concepts related to variability, stability, complexity, and adaptability. This review aims to investigate the application of nonlinear metrics to assess postural stability. A systematic review was conducted of papers published from 2009 to 2019. Databases searched were PubMed, Google Scholar, Science-Direct and EBSCO. The main inclusion consisted of: Sample entropy, fractal dimension, Lyapunov exponent used as nonlinear measures, and assessment of the variability of the center of pressure during standing using force plate. Following screening, 43 articles out of the initial 1100 were reviewed including 33 articles on sample entropy, 10 articles on fractal dimension, and 4 papers on the Lyapunov exponent. This systematic study shows the reductions in postural regularity related to aging and the disease or injures in the adaptive capabilities of the movement system and how the predictability changes with different task constraints.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lyapunov Exponentmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nonlinear Measures to Evaluate Upright Postural Stability: A Systematic Review

Kędziorek

Błażkiewicz

2020

Entropy

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“…This measure has been previously used to determine the immediate effects of SR stimulation on balance [ 47 , 54 ]. COPVr quantifies the magnitude of the COP displacement over time and it is a more reliable measure of postural steadiness compared to position and acceleration postural sway measures [ 62 – 65 ]. The intensity that produced the greatest reduction in COPVr (i.e., suggesting improved balance performance) was defined as the optimal SR intensity for each individual and was subsequently used for the analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stochastic resonance stimulation improves balance in children with cerebral palsy: a case control study

Zarkou

Lee

Prosser

et al. 2018

J NeuroEngineering Rehabil

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BackgroundStochastic Resonance (SR) Stimulation has been used to enhance balance in populations with sensory deficits by improving the detection and transmission of afferent information. Despite the potential promise of SR in improving postural control, its use in individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) is novel. The objective of this study was to investigate the immediate effects of electrical SR stimulation when applied in the ankle muscles and ligaments on postural stability in children with CP and their typically developing (TD) peers.MethodsTen children with spastic diplegia (GMFCS level I- III) and ten age-matched TD children participated in this study. For each participant the SR sensory threshold was determined. Then, five different SR intensity levels (no stimulation, 25, 50, 75, and 90% of sensory threshold) were used to identify the optimal SR intensity for each subject. The optimal SR and no stimulation condition were tested while children stood on top of 2 force plates with their eyes open and closed. To assess balance, the center of pressure velocity (COPV) in anteroposterior (A/P) and medial-lateral (M/L) direction, 95% COP confidence ellipse area (COPA), and A/P and M/L root mean square (RMS) measures were computed and compared.ResultsFor the CP group, SR significantly decreased COPV in A/P direction, and COPA measures compared to the no stimulation condition for the eyes open condition. In the eyes closed condition, SR significantly decreased COPV only in M/L direction. Children with CP demonstrated greater reduction in all the COP measures but the RMS in M/L direction during the eyes open condition compared to their TD peers. The only significant difference between groups in the eyes closed condition was in the COPV in M/L direction.ConclusionsSR electrical stimulation may be an effective stimulation approach for decreasing postural sway and has the potential to be used as a therapeutic tool to improve balance. Applying subject-specific SR stimulation intensities is recommended to maximize balance improvements. Overall, balance rehabilitation interventions in CP might be more effective if sensory facilitation methods, like SR, are utilized by the clinicians.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02456376; 28 May 2015 (Retrospectively registered); https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02456376.

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