Testicular cancer and antecedent diseases

Swerdlow, Anthony; Huttly, Sharon; Smith, P. G.

doi:10.1038/bjc.1987.20

Cited by 106 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This would suggest considering this group separately where numbers are sufficient, as proposed by Oliver et al (1995). Two other studies (Swerdlow et al, 1987;Stone et al, 1991) have found, as we did a tendency for late corrected or uncorrected undescended testis to predispose to pure seminoma, the consistency of these findings, albeit in a rather small subgroup, again suggests a real effect.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…Among the authors who have examined risks separately, Morrison (1976), Stone et al (1991) and Prener et al (1996) found a significantly stronger association with seminoma, Morrison (1976) for example reported OR of 15.6 for pure seminoma compared with 5.3 for non-seminoma, and Prener et al (1996) reported OR of 7.3 and 3.6 respectively. Henderson et al (1979), Moss et al (1986), Swerdlow et al (1987), Strader et al (1988), Haughey et al (1989), Gallagher et al (1995) and reported similar risks associated with undescended testis in the two histological groups, although where separate OR were presented, they were consistently higher for seminomas than other tumours (Moss et al, 1986;Swerdlow et al, 1987;Strader et al, 1988;. In a case-control study only of pure seminoma tumours (Coldman et al, 1982) the OR associated with undescended testis was 17.1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Risks were raised, and of similar magnitude, for hernias diagnosed before the age of 15, whilst for hernias diagnosed later than this the risk was increased for non-seminoma tumours (OR = 2.3), but reduced for pure seminomas (OR = 0.6). In the study by Swerdlow et al (1987) an increased odds ratio for seminoma (OR = 3.8) was associated with childhood herniorrhaphy before age 15, whereas no association was found with nonseminoma tumours. Similarly, Prener et al (1996) reported an OR for hernias diagnosed before 15 years of age of 2.3 for pure seminoma compared with 1.2 for other tumours.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Risk factors for testicular germ cell tumours by histological tumour type

Coupland

Chilvers

Davey³

et al. 1999

Br J Cancer

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Summary There are two main histological groups of testicular germ cell tumours, which may have different risk factors. Some authors have analysed potential risk factors by histological group but few consistent differences have been identified. In this paper we examine risk factors for pure seminoma and other tumours using data from the United Kingdom case control study of testicular cancer. Seven hundred and ninetyfour cases were included in the study, each with a matched control; 400 cases had pure seminoma tumours, and 394 had other testicular tumours. The risk of seminoma associated with undescended testis was slightly higher than that for other tumours (odds ratio of 5.3 compared with 3.0). When split at the median age at diagnosis, this difference was greater in men aged 32 and over (odds ratio of 11.9 compared with 5.1) than in the younger men (3.0 compared with 2.5). Risks associated with testicular or groin injuries were higher in the non-seminoma group, as was the risk for a history of sexually transmitted disease. The protective effect of a late puberty was more marked for tumours of other histologies. Some differences were also detected for participation in sports. Whilst some of the differences detected may have arisen by chance, the stronger association between undescended testis and pure seminoma has been identified by a number of other studies and may reflect a genuine difference in aetiology.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Risk factors for testicular germ cell tumours by histological tumour type

Coupland

Chilvers

Davey³

et al. 1999

Br J Cancer

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“…Aside from congenital malformations, of which cryptorchidism is the strongest and the most consistent determinant, 18,42,43 certain prenatal factors have been reported in epidemiological studies with some consistency. These include premature birth, 10,11,14,15 low birth-weight, 10-14 high birth-weight, 10,13 neonatal jaundice, 13 exogenous estrogen use, 11,15 older maternal age 12,14 and first born.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in testicular cancer incidence and mortality in 22 European countries: Continuing increases in incidence and declines in mortality

Bray

Richiardi

Ekbom

et al. 2006

Intl Journal of Cancer

288

197

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This study profiles testicular cancer incidence and mortality across Europe, and the effects of age, period and generational influences, using age-period-cohort modeling. Despite a 5-fold variation in incidence rates, there were consistent mean increases in incidence in each of the 12 European countries studied, ranging from around 6% per annum (Spain and Slovenia) to 1-2% (Norway). In contrast, declines in testicular cancer mortality of 3-6% per annum were observed in the 1980s and 1990s for the majority of the 22 countries studied, particularly in Northern and Western Europe. The mortality trends in several European countries were rather stable (Romania and Bulgaria) or increasing (Portugal and Croatia). Short-term attenuations in increasing cohort-specific risk of incidence were indicated among men born between 1940 and 1945 in 7 European countries. In Switzerland, successive generations born from the mid 1960s may have experienced a steadily declining risk of disease occurrence. While the underlying risk factors responsible remain elusive, the temporal and geographical variability in incidence may point to an epidemic in different phases in different countries-the result of country-specific differences in the prevalence of one or several ubiquitous and highly prevalent environmental determinants of the disease. Advances in treatment have led to major declines in mortality in many European countries from the mid 1970s, which has translated to cohorts of men at successively lower risk of death from the disease. Slower progress in the delivery of optimal care is however evident from the mortality trends in several lower-resource countries in Southern and Eastern Europe. The first beneficiaries of therapy in these populations may be those men born-rather than diagnosed-in the era of major breakthrough in testicular cancer care. ' 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: testicular cancer; incidence; mortality; time trends; epidemiology Testicular cancer accounts for 1-3% of all cancers in males in Western countries, but is the most common malignancy among young men (aged 15-34 years) in most European populations. 1 The highest incidence rates are recorded in a number of countries in Northern (Denmark, Norway), Central (Germany, Switzerland) and Eastern Europe (Czech Republic). 2 Incidence trends in almost all European populations are characterized by rapid increases in the last few decades, 3-7 particularly in adolescent men and young adults. 8 The etiology of testicular cancer is not well understood, and the underlying reasons for the steadily increasing incidence trends throughout Europe are largely unknown. Improving ascertainment and better diagnostic procedures cannot account for the estimated 3-5% rises in incidence per annum, as the course of the disease is rapidly fatal if left untreated. In addition, the consistent evidence of uniformly rising secular trends comes from a number of wellestablished European cancer registries with standardized procedures. 4 It has been hypothesized that the risk of testicular canc...

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“…Details of the study procedures have been published elsewhere (Swerdlow et al, 1987). In brief, the study was a stratum-matched case-control study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal and familial associations of testicular cancer

Swerdlow¹,

Huttly²,

Smith³

1987

Br J Cancer

Self Cite

106

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Summary In a case-control study of testis cancer 259 cases with testicular cancer, 238 controls treated at radiotherapy centres and 251 non-radiotherapy hospital in-patient controls were interviewed about some possible prenatal .tnd familial risk factors for the tumour. For firstborn men, the risk of testis cancer increased significanlly according to maternal age at the subject's birth, and this effect was most marked for seminoma. The association with maternal age was not apparent for cases other than firstborn. The risk of testis cancer was also significantly raised for men from small sibships and of early birth order. These results accord with the theory that raised maternal levels of available oestrogen during the early part of pregnancy are aetiological for testicular cancer in the son, although other explanations are possible; there is evidence that seminoma risk may particularly be affected.

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Testicular cancer and antecedent diseases

Cited by 106 publications

References 33 publications

Risk factors for testicular germ cell tumours by histological tumour type

Risk factors for testicular germ cell tumours by histological tumour type

Trends in testicular cancer incidence and mortality in 22 European countries: Continuing increases in incidence and declines in mortality

Prenatal and familial associations of testicular cancer

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