Testicular strangulation in children

McFarland, J. B.

doi:10.1002/bjs.1800530207

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Extravaginal torsion is a rare occurrence, confined to neonates with few exceptions 3 , 7–10 . In a 12 year review of testicular torsion cases admitted to a district general hospital, we have encountered only two of the extravaginal type (3.4 per cent of all torsions), an incidence which is comparable with other series 8 , 11 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Extravaginal testicular torsion

Sheridan¹,

Davies²

1988

Int J Clinical Practice

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Extravaginal testicular torsion

Sheridan¹,

Davies²

1988

Int J Clinical Practice

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“…Localized testicular infarction was first reported by Maschke (1910) in a man of 45 with cor pulmonale, and a few other cases have been described over the years (Lubash, 1927 ;Menville, 1940;McFarland, 1966). It appears to be an idiopathic and self-limiting condition, usually affecting the upper part of the testicular body (Johnston, 1960).…”

Section: Other Causes Of Testicular Ischaemiamentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Sir Astley Cooper (1830) first noted that the entire scrota1 contents of the neonate could be freely lifted out of the scrotum without tearing any tissue, and this mechanism is believed to account for the rare extravaginal torsion which is virtually confined to newborn infants (Taylor, 1897;Campbell, 1948). Occasional cases have been reported in older children (Smith, 1957;Jones, 1962;McFarland, 1966), but the mechanism of extravaginal torsion in these cases is very difficult to understand. The present series includes 4 cases of neonatal torsion, but these, together with all the remaining cases, were of intravaginal type.…”

Section: Aetiological Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inguinal pain was described in 19 per cent of cases, and Moore (1972) has recently stressed this initial situation of pain lying above the deep inguinal ring and reflecting the anatomy of the testicular innervation. It is less generally understood that pain may sometimes radiate to the loin (McFarland, 1966) or even down the anterior aspect of the thigh (Table ZV). Neonatal torsion usually presents as an apparently painless swelling, and Lyon (1961) has shown that the same may occasionally apply in older children.…”

Section: Clinical Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Torsion of the testis and allied conditions

Williamson

1976

Journal of British Surgery

326

161

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In 15 years at Bristol there have been 293 cases of torsion of the testis, 55 cases of torsion of a testicular appendage and 5 cases of testicular ischaemia due to other causes. The risk of a male developing torsion of the testis or its appendix by the age of 25 is about 1 in 160. Both conditions occurred primarily in adolescents, but among prepubertal boys torsion of an appendage was as common as torsion of a normally descended testis. There was a slight left-sided preponderance in testicular torsion, more marked in torsion of the appendages; the incidence of bilateral torsion was 2-0 and 1-8 per cent respectively. The clinical features and differential diagnosis of the two conditions are compared. Torsion of a testicular appendage is the most commonly misdiagnosed scrotal lesion, the preoperative diagnosis being correct in only 11 per cent of cases compared with 90 per cent for torsion of the testis. Twenty-one cases of recurrent torsion underwent prophylactic bilateral orchidopexy. There were 20 cases of torsion of undescended testes, with a salvage rate of only 20 per cent. The overall testicular survival rate was 55-3 per cent. Viability depends upon the possibility of spontaneous reduction, the preoperative delay after the onset of symptoms, the degree of torsion of the cord and the length of follow-up in doubtful cases. Urgent scrotal exploration is advised in every case of acute testicular pain unless there is overwhelming evidence of epididymoorchitis. Exploration of the opposite side is mandatory in torsion of the testis and advisable in torsion of an appendage.

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“…Acute scrotal conditions are less commonly encountered in boys than in adolescents or adults (Williamson, 1976) but, regardless of the age of the patient, the consensus of published opinion on this subject is that torsion of the testis is the commonest cause of this problem, that this condition can rarely, if ever, be reliably distinguished on clinical grounds from other causes of acute scrotal pain, and hence that all affected patients should undergo urgent scrotal exploration (Jones, 1962;McFarland, 1966;Snyder et al, 1969;McNicol, 1974;Greaney, 1975;Williamson, 1976). These propositions have currently acquired an almost axiomatic status; we have reviewed our experience to test their validity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Diagnosis and Management of Acute Scrotal Conditions in Boys

Hemalatha

Rickwood

1981

British Journal of Urology

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Summary— In a consecutive series of 69 boys with an acute scrotal condition, 55% were suffering from torsion of a testicular appendage, 22% from torsion of the testis and the remainder from idiopathic scrotal oedema or epididymitis. The general clinical features and specific scrotal findings in each of these conditions are compared and contrasted. It is concluded that on clinical grounds alone, torsion of the testis can be excluded in many boys presenting with an acute scrotal condition. The implications for management are discussed.

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Testicular strangulation in children

Cited by 16 publications

References 14 publications

Extravaginal testicular torsion

Extravaginal testicular torsion

Torsion of the testis and allied conditions

The Diagnosis and Management of Acute Scrotal Conditions in Boys

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