Testicular torsion and reperfusion: evidences for biochemical and molecular alterations

Abstract

This study was done in order to determine the molecular and biochemical alterations following testicular torsion (TT) and torsion-reperfusion (TR). For this purpose, 54 male Wistar rats were divided into five groups as control group (n = 6) and experimental group subjected to 1, 2, 4, and 8 h unilateral left torsion induction (n = 12 in each group). After induction of TT, testicular samples were collected from each group (n = 6), and the other six rats of each group underwent the same period of reperfusion after TT and then were sampled. Histological changes, the mRNA and protein expression of heat shock protein-70 (Hsp70), and caspase-3 were examined using reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Testicular total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were evaluated. The mRNA damage and DNA fragmentation were assessed. The TT and TR significantly reduced differentiation and spermiogenesis indices (p < 0.05). The TT- and TR-induced groups exhibited a severe reduction in Hsp70 expression as well as remarkable enhancement in caspase-3 expression. The TAC and GSH-px levels were decreased and the MDA content was increased in TT- and TR-induced groups. Finally, the TT and TR enhanced mRNA damage and DNA fragmentation. The TT- and TR-induced damaging oxidative stress, diminished Hsp70 expression, and enhanced caspase-3 mRNA and protein levels result in apoptosis following 1, 2, and 4 h. Whereas, following 8 h, TT and TR initiate the necrosis by inducing energy depletion as well as severe mRNA damage.

Testicular torsion and reperfusion: Germ cell DNA damage and development

“…Very early studies have been shown that the torsion-induced loss of spermatogenesis is not due to Leydig and Sertoli cells to produce specific hormones, while it is partially related to germ cells apoptosis independent to Sertoli and/ or Leydig cells (Turner & Miller, 1997), which finally ends with arrested spermatogenesis and infertility (Turner, 1985). Lastly, we showed that the torsion at earlier stages (before 4 hr) results in apoptosis, while at developed stages (after 8 hr) it results in local necrosis (Shamsi-Gamchi, Razi, & Behfar, 2017).…”

“…Testicular torsion results in infertility, and it has been reported that reperfusion, as an emergency therapeutic intervention, is necessary to ameliorate the torsion-induced pathogenesis against spermatogenesis (Wei, Huang, & Zhou, 2017;Yurtcu, Abasiyanik, Avunduk, & Muhtaroglu, 2008). It has been illustrated that the minimum of 1 hr results in testicular damage following testicular torsion in rats (Shamsi-Gamchi et al, 2017;Turner & Brown, 1993). Here in the present study, we tried to show the time-dependent effect of reperfusion after 4 hr torsion induction.…”

“…Although the emergency D-torsion surgery has been illustrated as choice therapeutic intervention for testicular torsion, the reperfusion-induced damages, including endothelial cells injury, microcirculation disturbance and sever germ cells loss have been reported for ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R)-related injuries (Bayatli, Akkus, Kilic, Saraymen, & Sonmez, 2013;Tamamura et al, 2010). Lastly, we showed that the torsion at earlier stages (before 4 hr) results in apoptosis, while at developed stages (after 8 hr) it results in local necrosis (Shamsi-Gamchi, Razi, & Behfar, 2017). Lastly, we showed that the torsion at earlier stages (before 4 hr) results in apoptosis, while at developed stages (after 8 hr) it results in local necrosis (Shamsi-Gamchi, Razi, & Behfar, 2017).…”

The effects of pirfenidone on ischaemia–reperfusion injury in testicular torsion‐induced rat model

“…Experimental studies of testis torsion by Shamsi-Gamchi et al reported a fall in total antioxidant capacity and GSH-Px levels with ischaemia-reperfusion injury, with an increase in MDA content. Again, the same study reported a great reduction occurred in spermiogenesis indexes and damage to the cell genome (Shamsi-Gamchi et al, 2018). and vitamin E were revealed to very effectively protect tissues from ischaemia-reperfusion injury in studies (Erdemir et al, 2017).…”

Thermographic Patterns for Real-time Intraoperative Monitoring of Testicular Reperfusion Following Surgical Testicular Detorsion

“…Molecular mechanisms have shown that reperfusion after surgical detorsion has a negative impact on the testicular parenchyma. 3 Current management continues to be surgical intervention with a subjective assessment of parenchymal reperfusion to decide whether or not the testicle is salvageable. 4 Intraparenchymal monitoring of testicular pressures has also shown how complex the reperfusion process can be after detorsion and the development of a compartment syndrome.…”