Testicular venography in the nonpalpable testis

Diamond, Arthur B.; Meng, Chien-Hsing; Kodroff, Michael B.; Goldman, Stanford M.

doi:10.2214/ajr.129.1.71

Cited by 29 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The undescended testis is usually oval in shape and has a homogeneous, hypoechoic echotexture [19,20]. It is most frequently located distal to the external inguinal ring in the subcutaneous tissue anterior to the pubic tubercle-superficial inguinal pouch ( Fig.…”

Section: Ultrasound In the Evaluation Of Cryptorchid Testismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cryptorchidism: strategies in detection

1999

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Imaging evaluation of the patient with a non-palpable testis has evolved over recent decades. The rational explanation of imaging in these patients requires a clear understanding of the various causes of a non-palpable testis, and an appreciation of the utility and limitations of the available imaging modalities. This review describes the classification of non-palpable testis and discusses the role of modern imaging in evaluation. In particular, the relative accuracies of ultrasound, CT and MRI is reviewed.

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Section: Ultrasound In the Evaluation Of Cryptorchid Testismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to clinical examination, US, MRI [31], CT [26,32,33], arteriography [34] and retrograde testicular venography [19,28,29] can all be used in the diagnostic evaluation of undescended testes. Ultrasound is most often used in the search for the undescended testis.…”

Section: Comparative Evaluation Of Radiological Imaging Modalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptorchidism: strategies in detection

1999

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“…Although some authors report on examinations carried out on threeto-five-year-old boys [3][4][5]15], successful catherizations (carried out by preference on the left side) are the exceptions in such small individuals with their slender vessels. Because of the heightened risk of failing to obtain a demonstration of a pampiniform plexus and consequently not obtaining reliable information for purely technical reasons in the case of very young patients and because of the additional strain of the required general narcosis, the use of spermatic venography in this young age group seem to necessitate too much and to be too unsafe.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spermatic venography in undescended testes

Riebel

Gonnermann

Willig³

1987

Pediatr Radiol

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In patients with undescended testes the demonstration of the pampiniform plexus (i.e. venous network surrounding the testis) by selective retrograde contrast filling of the internal spermatic vein gives exact information about the existence and localization of the gonadal tissue. Especially with small hypoplastic testes and/or an intraabdominal position of the gonad the results of this technique are superior to those of ultrasound and computed tomography. The venographic information often helps to reduce the extent of the surgical exploration, most of all in those cases in which after an ineffective first procedure a second operation is planned. Venography can be done on an outpatient basis in children from an age of about 6 years upwards without general anesthesia and serious complications. Personal experiences with the spermatic venography in 11 patients (age: 7-32 years) with 18 undescended testes are demonstrated. Comparing the roentgenologic and surgical findings in 7 patients with 12 explored veins the results corresponded completely in 75%. In the remaining cases roentgenologic demonstration of one of the testicular veins with its pampinifom plexus suggested important information about the localization of the contralateral testis, surgically confirmed later.

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“…At operation an intra-abdominal testis was confirmed with an aberrant was deferens. undescended testes and by these methods the whole area of interest (ante-and retroperitoneal space) can be examined (1)(2)(3)7). It is also possible to localize testes by CT in the anteperitoneal region (5, 10).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonography of the Undescended Testis

Hederström¹,

Forsberg²,

Kullendorff³

1985

Acta Radiologica. Diagnosis

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Sixty prospective sonographic preoperative examinations were performed on 57 boys, 3 to 12 years of age (mean 6 2/3), in order to investigate the accuracy of the method for localizing undescended or non-palpable testes in the anteperitoneal region, i.e. the inguinal canal. Sonographic results agreed with the findings at surgical exploration in 53 (88%) of the 60 examinations performed which was regarded as a satisfactory result. The method is convenient and valuable for the planning of surgery. Sonograms of patients earlier operated upon were difficult to interpret and accounted for some misinterpretations as did examinations in some patients with divergent anatomy.

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Testicular venography in the nonpalpable testis

Cited by 29 publications

References 10 publications

Cryptorchidism: strategies in detection

Cryptorchidism: strategies in detection

Spermatic venography in undescended testes

Ultrasonography of the Undescended Testis

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