Testicular Volume and Testicular Atrophy Index as Predictors of Functionality of Unilaterally Cryptorchid Testis

Zvizdić, Zlatan; Milišić, Emir; Halimic, Azra; Zvizdić, Denisa; Vegar-Zubović, Sandra

doi:10.5455/medarh.2014.68.79-82

Cited by 28 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Zvizdic et al . reported that TAI values of untreated UDTs ranged between 47.3 and 54.2% in 0.5–12-year-old boys 26 . However, TAI values after a long-term post-orchiopexy follow-up were not provided.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Advantage of early orchiopexy for undescended testis: Analysis of testicular growth percentage ratio in patients with unilateral undescended testicle

Tseng

Chiang

Hong

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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This study reports the experience of our tertiary referral center and proposes a new indicator, the growth percentage ratio (GPR), for determining the optimal timing of surgical intervention. A retrospective review of boys who underwent orchiopexy for undescended testis from 2001 to 2013 was conducted. We analyzed testicular volumes in different age groups using the UDT to normally descended testis ratio and testicular GPR. A total of 134 boys with unilateral undescended testicle underwent regular ultrasonography follow-up examinations for more than a mean of 3.9 years. Forty-five (33.4%) of them underwent orchiopexy before the age of one year. Orchiopexy at this age resulted in a GPR (2.02 ± 0.40) that was significantly higher than the GPRs in the second (1 < age ≤ 2 years, 1.25 ± 0.13, p = 0.004) and third (age > 2 years, 1.24 ± 0.14 p = 0.008) age groups. The undescended testicle grew faster when orchiopexy was performed before one year of age. Orchiopexy performed within one year from birth significantly accelerates the growth of the UDT, as determined using the GPR, compared to other age groups. The present clinical evidence indicates that orchiopexy should be performed before one year of age.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The testicular atrophy index (TAI) used in the assessment of unilateral varicocele 25 has also been applied for evaluating UDT in some studies 26 . TAI, defined as (contralateral testis volume - affected testis volume)/contralateral testis volume × 100, is equivalent to (1 − UDT to NDT ratio).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advantage of early orchiopexy for undescended testis: Analysis of testicular growth percentage ratio in patients with unilateral undescended testicle

Tseng

Chiang

Hong

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…The testicular atrophy index (TAI) [ 22 ] was defined as the ratio of the volume difference (contralateral scrotal testis–undescended testis) to contralateral scrotal testis volume in the same child. As suggested, a TAI in excess of 20% to 25% is clinically significant.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three‑Dimensional Ultrasonography in Preoperative and Postoperative Volume Assessment of the Undescended Testicle

You

Zhuang

et al. 2020

Med Sci Monit

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Background Ultrasound (US) is the preferred imaging method for cryptorchidism, but most guidelines indicate that its value is questionable. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical value of ultrasonic mobility and testicular atrophy index (TAI) based on three-dimensional US (3DUS) in preoperative and postoperative assessment of the undescended testis. Material/Methods Data from 158 children with unilateral extraperitoneal cryptorchidism were collected and their diagnoses were surgically confirmed. They were divided into different age groups and into 2 ultrasonic mobility groups: the mobile group (MG) and the restricted group (RG). Differences in sonographic characteristics between different groups were compared. Three-dimensional ultrasound performed with virtual organ computer-aided analysis (VOCAL) was used to determined preoperative and postoperative TAI and the reliability of TAI was analyzed. Results Measurement of testicular volume with the VOCAL method was significantly more reliable than that done with the two-dimensional Lambert method. In all age groups, preoperative testicular volumes were smaller than that in the contralateral scrotal testis and postoperatively, they increased steadily. Both preoperative and postoperative TAI were higher in the RG than in the MG. In the MG, postoperative TAI decreased significantly in all age groups. In the RG, in contrast, effective volume growth was only achieved in patients who had undergone surgery before they reached age 1 year. Conclusions TAI values determined with 3DUS using the VOCAL technique objectively reflect recovery of testicular volume following surgery for undescended testicle. Ultrasonic mobility evaluation is beneficial for clinical management of the condition.

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“…Furthermore, HE staining was carried out to evaluate the testicular histological changes. The CRY testes displayed progressive germ cell injury and seminiferous tubule atrophy during the postoperative period [ 29 ]. Furthermore, the presence of giant MNC indicates apoptotic features of the germ cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between RNA-binding protein Ptbp2 and germ cell injury in an experimentally-induced unilateral cryptorchidism murine model

Dou

Gao

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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RNA binding protein polypyrimidine tract binding protein 2 (Ptbp2) as a key alternative splicing regulator for male germ cell development is well established. However, its expression levels and role in cryptorchidism testes tissues has not been explored. Additionally, the molecular mechanism of heat stress impacts the correct proliferation and differentiation of germ cells is unclear. To investigate whether changes in Ptbp2 expression are correlated with heat stress-induced germ cell injury in testicular tissue, we used a murine model of intraperitoneal cryptorchidism with surgical operation. Here we present compelling evidence that germ cells are severely damaged in mice with unilateral cryptorchidism, with non-obstructive azoospermia. And the Ptbp2 and Pgk2 mRNA levels were significantly decreased in parallel, leading us to conclude that the negative correlation between Ptbp2 levels and germ cell injury in unilateral cryptorchidism murine model. We hypothesize that Ptbp2 is susceptible to heat stress and its disruption has resulted in stability decline of germ cell transcripts Pgk2 mRNA, which consequently lead to germ cell injury in cryptorchidism testes. Thus, we confirm that Ptbp2 is an essential factor in heat stress-induced sperm cell injury and non-obstructive azoospermia.

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Testicular Volume and Testicular Atrophy Index as Predictors of Functionality of Unilaterally Cryptorchid Testis

Cited by 28 publications

References 17 publications

Advantage of early orchiopexy for undescended testis: Analysis of testicular growth percentage ratio in patients with unilateral undescended testicle

Advantage of early orchiopexy for undescended testis: Analysis of testicular growth percentage ratio in patients with unilateral undescended testicle

Three‑Dimensional Ultrasonography in Preoperative and Postoperative Volume Assessment of the Undescended Testicle

Association between RNA-binding protein Ptbp2 and germ cell injury in an experimentally-induced unilateral cryptorchidism murine model

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