Testing a cognitive model of generalized anxiety disorder in the eating disorders

Konstantellou, Anna; Campbell, Mari; Eisler, Ivan; Simic, Mima; Treasure, Janet

doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.04.005

Cited by 29 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…IU has been associated with symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (Holaway, Heimberg, & Coles, 2006;Tolin et al, 2003), social anxiety disorder (Boelen & Reijntjes, 2009;Carleton, Collimore, & Asmundson, 2010), panic disorder with or without agoraphobia (Carleton, Fetzner, Hackl, & McEvoy, 2013;Fetzner, Horswill, Boelen, & Carleton, 2013), health anxiety (Boelen & Carleton, 2012;Fetzner et al, 2013;Wright et al, (Konstantellou, Campbell, Eisler, Simic, & Treasure, 2011;Renjan, McEvoy, Handley, Fursland, & Byrne, this issue;Sternheim et al, 2011), autism spectrum disorders (Boulter, Freeston, South, & Rodgers, 2014), prolonged grief (Boelen, 2010;Boelen et al, this issue), hoarding behaviors (Oglesby et al, 2013;Wheaton, Abramowitz, Jacoby, Zwerling, & Rodriguez, 2016), adult separation anxiety (Boelen, Reijntjes, & Carleton, 2014), and anger-related emotions (Anderson, Deschênes, & Dugas, this issue;Fracalanza, Koerner, Deschênes, & Dugas, 2014). Not only is IU associated with multiple disorders, but trait and disorder-specific IU are correlated with escalating comorbidity (Dupuy & Ladouceur, 2008;McEvoy & Mahoney, 2012;Yook, Kim, Suh, & Lee, 2010).…”

Section: What Is Known?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Intolerance of uncertainty in emotional disorders: What uncertainties remain?

Shihata

McEvoy

Mullan

et al. 2016

Journal of Anxiety Disorders

237

189

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The current paper presents a future research agenda for intolerance of uncertainty (IU), which is a transdiagnostic risk and maintaining factor for emotional disorders. In light of the accumulating interest and promising research on IU, it is timely to emphasize the theoretical and therapeutic significance of IU, as well as to highlight what remains unknown about IU across areas such as development, assessment, behavior, and relationships to emotional disorders. The present paper was designed to provide a synthesis of what is known and unknown about IU, and, in doing so, proposes broad and novel directions for future research to address the remaining uncertainties in the literature.Keywords: intolerance of uncertainty, review, emotional disorders, transdiagnostic, disorder-specific, research agenda WHAT UNCERTAINTIES REMAIN? 3 Intolerance of Uncertainty in Emotional Disorders: What Uncertainties Remain?The current paper briefly reviews what is known about intolerance of uncertainty (IU) before highlighting what remains unknown. Due to rapidly increasing interest and research focus on IU, culminating in the current special issue, a review is both timely and necessary to set a future research agenda. This paper will review IU with respect to conceptual foundations and definitional issues, development, assessment, behavioral consequences, associations to threat and risk, other cognitive vulnerability factors, emotional disorders, as well as clinical applications.Within each of these domains, what is currently known will first be briefly reviewed followed by what remains unknown. The major contribution of the current paper is the description of future research avenues to address the known unknowns. Conceptual Foundations of Intolerance of Uncertainty What is known?Models of psychopathology posit that uncertainty is a central feature in anxiety-related experience (Carleton, 2016) and the incapacity to endure unknowns appears to be a robust vulnerability factor associated with a range of psychological disorders (Grupe & Nitschke, 2013;Hong & Cheung, 2015). IU was originally defined as a broad construct that reflects "cognitive, emotional, and behavioral reactions to uncertainty in everyday life situations" (Freeston, Rhéaume, Letarte, Dugas, & Ladouceur, 1994, p. 792). Freeston and colleagues (1994) speculated that people with IU may engage in worry to increase their sense of certainty and control when faced with ambiguity. The definition of IU evolved as research on IU shifted from an initial focus on generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) to other disorders. A revised and broader definition described IU as a predisposition to negatively perceive and respond to uncertain information and situations irrespective of its probability and outcomes (Ladouceur, Blais, WHAT UNCERTAINTIES REMAIN? 4 Freeston, & Dugas, 1998;Ladouceur, Gosselin, & Dugas, 2000). IU has also been conceptualized as a cognitive filter and as the excessive tendency to perceive and interpret negative events as unacceptable (Buhr & Dugas...

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Section: What Is Known?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Intolerance of uncertainty in emotional disorders: What uncertainties remain?

Shihata

McEvoy

Mullan

et al. 2016

Journal of Anxiety Disorders

237

189

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This corroborates findings by Carleton, Collimore, et al (2010), who particularly demonstrated the importance of the relationship between the Inhibitory Anxiety component of the IU construct and SA. Other pathologies that have been associated with IU are panic disorder (PD) (Dugas, Gagnon, et al, 1998;Dugas, et al, 2001;Tolin, et al, 2003), state anxiety (Chen & Hong, 2010;Greco & Roger, 2001), obsessive compulsive personality disorder (Gallagher, South, & Oltmanns, 2003), eating disorders (Konstantellou, et al, 2011;Sternheim, et al, 2011), and somatoform disorders (Deacon & Abramowitz, 2008;Boelen & Carleton, 2012). However, IU does not seem to be critical for depressive disorders (Boelen & Reijntjes, 2009;Dugas, Schwartz, & Francis, 2004).…”

Section: Cfa Indicated That the Ius-12 Model With The Two Factors Promentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Worry is a central characteristic of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), but also occurs frequently in other mental disorders such as obsessive compulsive disorder (Sica, Coradeschi, Sanavio, & Novara, 2004), social anxiety (Boelen & Reijntjes, 2009), depression (Yook, Kim, Suh, & Lee, 2010), panic disorder with agoraphobia (Dugas, Marchand, & Ladouceur, 2005), post-traumatic stress disorder (Boelen, 2010), eating disorders (Konstantellou, Campbell, Eisler, Simic, & Treasure, 2011;Sternheim, Startup, & Schmidt, 2011), and somatoform disorders (Deacon & Abramowitz, 2008;Boelen & Carleton, 2012). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Confirmatory factor analysis of the Dutch Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale: Comparison of the full and short version

Helsen

Bussche

Vlaeyen

et al. 2013

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

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Background and Objectives. The Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS) was developed for assessing reactions to ambiguous situations, uncertainty, and future events. The IUS has been validated in different languages, but equivocal factor structures, in combination with highly interrelated items and factors, resulted in a redundancy of the items of the English version. In the current study, the psychometric properties of the Dutch version of the IUS were examined, and compared with the shortened 12-item version (IUS-12).Methods. Confirmatory factor analyses were used to investigate different factor structures of both the full and short version of the IUS. Results. Results indicated that the IUS-12 model with two factors (ProspectiveAnxiety and Inhibitory Anxiety) provides the best fit. The reduced measure has equally good internal consistency, and is highly correlated with the full version.Limitations. Future research could investigate whether the current findings generalize to clinical populations. Conclusion.To summarize, the usage of the short 12-item version of the IUS should be encouraged in future research concerning intolerance of uncertainty.

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“…Intolerance of uncertainty has been associated with deviant eating attitudes (Konstantellou & Reynolds, 2010), and in clinical samples (Konstantellou et al, 2011) with both eating disorders and GAD. In the latter study all comorbid patients scored significantly higher on all components compared with normal controls, and vulnerability factors for GAD were present in eating disorder even in cases of subclinical GAD.…”

Section: Anxiety Disorders and Eating Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of eating disorders part III: social epidemiology and case definitions revisited

Rosenvinge

Pettersen

2015

Advances in Eating Disorders

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The previous papers in this series (Rosenvinge & Pettersen, 2014a,b) outlined a historical panorama and presented knowledge about the distribution of eating disorders in various populations as well as about putative risk factors. This final paper focuses on social epidemiology, notably the current status of treatment dissemination and prevention research. We also discuss some comorbidity findings and transdiagnostic issues as an alternative to the DSM based definition of an epidemiological case, and how such an alternative definition may introduce new perspectives of prevention. Key words: eating disorders, epidemiology, reviewThe authors declare no conflict of interest in preparing this work 3 The present article is the final one of three about the epidemiology of eating disorders. The first one (Rosenvinge & Pettersen, 2014a) outlined basic epidemiological concepts, approaches and issues. In addition, it outlined a historical panorama of the epidemiology of eating disorders up to the early 1990s depicting, the evolvement of eating disorders from being one, curious and rare disorder (i.e., anorexia nervosa) to a set of disorders distributed in the population to an extent which has caught public concern and scientific effort for the past 30 or 40 years. This evolvement has resulted in case definitions through the DSM and ICD manuals, and being worldwide disseminated they haves had a major impact on case definition-and identification methods in epidemiological eating disorder research.The second paper in this series (Rosenvinge & Pettersen, 2014b) outlined recent knowledge about descriptive epidemiology; how many who actually have a DSM eating disorder or significant eating problems at a given point of time (i.e., the point prevalence), or in the past (i.e., the lifetime prevalence), as well as about the number of new cases appearing per year (i.e., the incidence). In addition, we focused on issues within analytic epidemiology, notably what is known about risk factors for developing eating disorders or for staying ill for a longer period of time.Case identification methods require a case definition which is useful for analytic and social epidemiological purposes, and not just for describing the prevalence or incidence.Traditionally, the DSM taxonomy has provided a gold standard. This may be questioned in view of mental disorders most likely to come along with eating disorders, most likely to affect their course, and where the comorbidity may point to transdiagnostic factors possibly relevant to epidemiological research. The first aim of this paper is to discuss the relevance and implications of such perspectives in constructing an epidemiological case definition.Social epidemiology becomes relevant when we have some answers from descriptive epidemiology to the "how many-questions", and from analytical epidemiology to the "who, and "why"-questions. One part of social epidemiology concerns prevention, and which may take the approach of health promotion at a universal (general population) level, i.e., by...

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Testing a cognitive model of generalized anxiety disorder in the eating disorders

Cited by 29 publications

References 43 publications

Intolerance of uncertainty in emotional disorders: What uncertainties remain?

Intolerance of uncertainty in emotional disorders: What uncertainties remain?

Confirmatory factor analysis of the Dutch Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale: Comparison of the full and short version

Epidemiology of eating disorders part III: social epidemiology and case definitions revisited

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