Testosterone and doping control

Saudan, C; Baume, N; Robinson, Neil; Avois, L; Mangin, Patrice; Saugy, Martial

doi:10.1136/bjsm.2006.027482

Cited by 92 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…This was Have not been used as markers in exercise research, but show promise in clinical contexts with potential use in sport and exercise medicine A. Lindsay, J. T. Costello evident following 3 h of intense exercise where a strong correlation (r = 0.63) was observed between post-exercise cortisol concentrations and lymphocyte apoptosis [148]. Testosterone, meanwhile, has both anabolic [149] and andronergic effects [150] that are used in a medical context for hormone replacement therapy [151] and illegally to improve athletic performance [152]. Salivary cortisol has been used in exercise-related studies because of its ease of collection and general reflection of the free fraction of the free component in blood [153,154].…”

Section: Cortisol and Testosteronementioning

confidence: 94%

“…Identification of these compounds within the urine can provide useful information regarding doping; this is the primary identification system used by the WADA. The testosterone:epitestosterone ratio is often used in the detection of doping athletes [152], with concentrations exceeding one to four considered above normal. BH 4 meanwhile has been used to assess synthesis of monoamine neurotransmitters such as epinephrine and nitric oxide following rugby union matches [240], while the quantification of steroidal compounds is traditionally measured in saliva to avoid the need for 24-h collections and because of its non-invasive nature [301].…”

Section: Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Realising the Potential of Urine and Saliva as Diagnostic Tools in Sport and Exercise Medicine

Lindsay

Costello

2016

Sports Med

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Accurate monitoring of homeostatic perturbations following various psychophysiological stressors is essential in sports and exercise medicine. Various biomarkers are routinely used as monitoring tools in both clinical and elite sport settings. Blood collection and muscle biopsies, both invasive in nature, are considered the gold standard for the analysis of these biomarkers in exercise science. Exploring non-invasive methods of collecting and analysing biomarkers that are capable of providing accurate information regarding exercise-induced physiological and psychological stress is of obvious practical importance. This review describes the potential benefits, and the limitations, of using saliva and urine to ascertain biomarkers capable of identifying important stressors that are routinely encountered before, during, or after intense or unaccustomed exercise, competition, over-training, and inappropriate recovery. In particular, we focus on urinary and saliva biomarkers that have previously been used to monitor muscle damage, inflammation, cardiovascular stress, oxidative stress, hydration status, and brain distress. Evidence is provided from a range of empirical studies suggesting that urine and saliva are both capable of identifying various stressors. Although additional research regarding the efficacy of using urine and/or saliva to indicate the severity of exercise-induced psychophysiological stress is required, it is likely that these non-invasive biomarkers will represent "the future" in sports and exercise medicine.

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Section: Cortisol and Testosteronementioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Realising the Potential of Urine and Saliva as Diagnostic Tools in Sport and Exercise Medicine

Lindsay

Costello

2016

Sports Med

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“…To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of T- Testosterone and related androgens are largely used for doping purposes (Brown et al, 2006;Saudan et al, 2006) and represent the substances most frequently responsible for adverse analytical findings among drugs prohibited by the world Anti-Doping Agency (www.wada-ama.org). Our data show that testosterone influences the differentiation of C2C12 cells (that may be considered as activated satellite cells) to mature myotubes, by modulating the expression and localization of its receptor and by influencing myogenic program.…”

Section: A N U S C R I P T 12mentioning

confidence: 99%

Androgen receptor expression during C2C12 skeletal muscle cell line differentiation

Wannenes

Caprio

Gatta

et al. 2008

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology

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SUMMARYThe Androgen Receptor (AR) pathway is involved in the development of skeletal muscle but the molecular basis of androgen-related myogenic enhancement are still unclear. We have investigated AR expression and localization during myoblasts-myotubes differentiation in skeletal muscle cell line C2C12. AR expression increases during proliferation and commitment phase and its levels remain elevated in myotubes. In proliferating and committed cells in the absence of testosterone, AR protein localizes in the nuclei whereas it is almost totally localized in the cytoplasm in myotubes. Low testosterone doses shift the receptor in the nuclei without increasing the amount of total protein. High doses of T induce a significant increase of AR expression during proliferation and differentiation. Few information are available on AR targets that drive myogenic process. In our study, testosterone induces myogenin, myosin heavy chains (MyHC) and GRIP-1 expression, suggesting that AR and its coregulatory proteins are pivotal factors in skeletal muscle differentiation.

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“…Anabolic effects concern organs such as muscles, bones, the heart and kidneys. These organs possess little 5á-reductase activity and thus AAS compounds induce protein synthesis, muscle fibre development, erythropoiesis, and variable effects on bone growth (5,6). In addition, anabolic steroids displace glucocorticoids fromglucocorticoid receptors and inhibit muscle protein catabolism, leading overall to an anabolic or muscle-building effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stereological Evidences of Epithelial Hypoplasia of Seminiferous Tubules Induced By Mesterolone in Adult Sprague-Dawley Rats

Shittu¹,

Shittu²,

Osinubi³

et al. 2010

Afr J Endocrinol Metab

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BACKGROUND: Anabolic-androgenic steroid compounds are one of the most widely abused drugs by athletes and muscle builders with the goal of improving performance/ability, appearance, or muscle mass. In addition, these steroids are widely used in the treatment of male infertility and subfertility. However, increasing concern has been shown that these compounds may not only offer unappreciable benefits to infertile and subfertile males, but might have deleterious effects on both human and animal physiology and sperm quality. There is a dearth of knowledge on the structural and quantitative changes of the testis secondary to this group of compounds. Objective: The present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of mesterolone (proviron), an anabolic-androgenic steroid, on some of the histomorphometric and stereological parameters of the seminiferous tubules in Sprague-Dawley rat. Materials and Methods: Two groups of 10 adult male rats were used. The treated group was given 0.06 mg/kg body weight/day of mesterolone by gavage for six weeks while the control group received equal volume of 0.9% normal saline per day. Five µm of uniformly random serial sections of the processed testicular tissues were analyzed using un-biased stereological and histomorphometric studies. Results:The results showed that the percentage mean volume density of both the tubular lumen and epithelial height increased by 35% (p< 0.05) and decreased by 50% (p<0.05), respectively compared to the control. mesterolone also caused a significant decline in sperm concentration. Conclusion: Mesterolone produces epithelial hypoplasia in the testis post continuous management.

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Testosterone and doping control

Cited by 92 publications

References 39 publications

Realising the Potential of Urine and Saliva as Diagnostic Tools in Sport and Exercise Medicine

Realising the Potential of Urine and Saliva as Diagnostic Tools in Sport and Exercise Medicine

Androgen receptor expression during C2C12 skeletal muscle cell line differentiation

Stereological Evidences of Epithelial Hypoplasia of Seminiferous Tubules Induced By Mesterolone in Adult Sprague-Dawley Rats

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