Tetramethylguanidine–silica nanoparticles as an efficient and reusable catalyst for the synthesis of cyclic propylene carbonate from carbon dioxide and propylene oxide

Adam, Farook; Batagarawa, Samaila Muazu

doi:10.1016/j.apcata.2012.12.009

Cited by 69 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…4A), which corresponded to the new asymmetric (C]O) vibration of the carbamate salt, presumably implying the activation of CO 2 by the alkaline nitrogen from [(CH 2 CH 2 OH)Bim]-ZnBr 3 . 45,46 Similarly, tracking the change and reaction degree during the process, the absorption peak at 1790 cm À1 ascribed to the carbonyl group of the PC product increased gradually along with the reaction time (Fig. 4B), proving the efficient proceeding of the cycloaddition reaction of PO and CO 2 .…”

Section: Plausible Reaction Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 85%

Zn-based ionic liquids as highly efficient catalysts for chemical fixation of carbon dioxide to epoxides

et al. 2015

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The novel Zn-based task-specific ionic liquids (Zn-TSILs) catalysts were developed for the coupling of carbon dioxide and epoxides to form cyclic carbonates under mild reaction conditions without using additional organic solvents and cocatalysts. Due to the synergistic effects of the cation and anion in this catalytic system, excellent yields and selectivities to cyclic carbonates were achieved with high TOF values up to 794 h À1 . Among the catalysts investigated, OH-containing Zn-TSILs showed better activity than COOH-containing Zn-TSILs, and [(CH 2 CH 2 OH)Bim]ZnBr 3 was found to be the best. Additionally, the influences of CO 2 pressure and catalyst concentration were also investigated over [(CH 2 CH 2 OH)Bim]-ZnBr 3 . In addition, the rate constants as well as the activation energies for the cycloaddition reaction catalyzed by Zn-TSIL and TSIL were comparatively determined. The activation energy was calculated to be 34.1 kJ mol À1 for bare TSIL catalyst, whereas the Zn-TSIL reduced the activation energy value by 14.7 kJ mol À1 . Moreover, the Zn-TSIL was easily recyclable without significant loss of activity, representing the exceptionally promising candidate for the effective fixation of CO 2 to epoxides.

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Section: Plausible Reaction Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 85%

Zn-based ionic liquids as highly efficient catalysts for chemical fixation of carbon dioxide to epoxides

et al. 2015

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“…40 Under moisture‐free conditions, a slightly superior activity of the immobilized catalyst relative to the molecular catalyst is achieved 41. Furthermore, amidine (DBU),42 pyridine (polyvinylpyridine, DMAP)43 or guanidine (TMG)44 bases as cycloaddition catalysts are discussed in the literature. However, such approaches suffer from harsh reaction conditions or recycling problems and do not display high sustainability.…”

Section: Ammonium Salts As Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates from Epoxides and Carbon Dioxide by Using Organocatalysts

et al. 2015

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The synthesis of cyclic carbonates through coupling of carbon dioxide with epoxides is 100 % atom economical and is already performed on an industrial scale. Its impact regarding the use of carbon dioxide as a renewable carbon source is expected to grow significantly in the near future, so that the development of efficient catalysts is of high interest in academia and industry. To improve the carbon footprint and sustainability of the cycloaddition reaction, the use of organocatalytic methods is a promising approach. Herein, available metal-free catalysts for the preparation of cyclic carbonates are described and elaborated concerning the overall sustainability of the process. Therefore, the required reaction conditions, as well as the activity of the catalysts and their reusability, are compared and evaluated. In addition to ammonium-, phosphonium-, or imidazolium-based single-component catalysts and their supported analogues, the growing field of research concerning dual catalysts are also discussed in detail.

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“…[31][32][33][34][35][36] The emergence of mesoporous materials gives fresh impetus to the development of solid bases. [41][42][43] The last few decades have witnessed incredible advances in mesoporous solid bases. The pore size on the nanoscale is beneficial to mass transport.…”

Section: Xiao-qin Liumentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and fabrication of mesoporous heterogeneous basic catalysts

2015

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Mesoporous solid bases are extremely desirable in green catalytic processes, due to their advantages of accelerated mass transport, negligible corrosion, and easy separation. Great progress has been made in mesoporous solid bases in the last decade. In addition to their wide applications in the catalytic synthesis of organics and fine chemicals, mesoporous solid bases have also been used in the field of energy and environmental catalysis. Development of mesoporous solid bases is therefore of significant importance from both academic and practical points of view. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent advances in mesoporous solid bases, which is basically grouped by the support type and each category is illustrated with typical examples. Cooperative catalysts derived from the incorporation of additional functionalities (i.e. acid and metal) into mesoporous solid bases are also included. The fundamental principles of how to design and fabricate basic materials with mesostructure are highlighted. The mechanism of the formation of basic sites in different mesoporous systems is discussed as well.

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Tetramethylguanidine–silica nanoparticles as an efficient and reusable catalyst for the synthesis of cyclic propylene carbonate from carbon dioxide and propylene oxide

Cited by 69 publications

References 41 publications

Zn-based ionic liquids as highly efficient catalysts for chemical fixation of carbon dioxide to epoxides

Zn-based ionic liquids as highly efficient catalysts for chemical fixation of carbon dioxide to epoxides

Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates from Epoxides and Carbon Dioxide by Using Organocatalysts

Design and fabrication of mesoporous heterogeneous basic catalysts

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