Tetrapleura tetraptera spice attenuates high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet-induced obese and type 2 diabetic rats with metabolic syndrome features

Abstract

BackgroundTetrapleura tetraptera, a seasoning and nutritive spice is also used in western African folk medicine in the management of wide variety of diseases including diabetes, inflammation and hypertension. Flavonoids and saponins are some abundant secondary metabolic constituents in the fruits of this plant. This study aimed at evaluating the potential therapeutic action of the polyphenol-rich hydroethanolic extract (HET) of this fruit in experimentally induced obese and type 2 diabetic rats (T2DM) with characteristic metabolic syndrome (MetS).MethodsMetS was induced in rats by high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet and administration of low-dose streptozotocin. Then different oral doses of HET (200 and 400 mg/kg) were administered to T2DM rats for 28 days. A standard antidiabetic drug, metformin (300 mg/kg), was used for comparison. The body weight, systolic blood pressure, oxidative stress and metabolic parameters were then assessed to evaluate the effect of HET on MetS.ResultsHET reduced weight gain, fasting blood glucose and plasma insulin levels as well as homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and alleviated obesity and T2DM associated oxidative stress and hypertension in rats. Moreover, a significantly hypolipidemic property and an attenuation of liver injury and tissue steatosis was observed after HET administration. HET further demonstrated its anti-inflammation effect via down regulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), leptin and an increase in adiponectin. The HET exhibited dose-dependent effects which were comparable to that of metformin.ConclusionsThe present study thereby demonstrates the anti-insulin resistance, antilipidemic, anti-obesity, hypotensive and anti-inflammatory properties of HET; hence it has the potential to be further developed for the management of MetS such as obesity, T2DM and hypertension.

Mitigating effects of vildagliptin in experimental diabetes with metabolic syndrome

“…The vildagliptin treatment significantly modulated these parameters and showed its antioxidant activity. Our data are in accordance with the previous report by Renna NF et al and Kuate et al 13,17 …”

“…Study by Kuate D et al supported our finding. 13 The C-peptide determined by Nora M. El-Sheikh showed reduced level of C-peptide in diabetic rats similar to present study which is restored by treatment with vildagliptin.…”

“…The weight difference between NC, HF-DC and vildagliptin on baseline weight and 10 th week weight are 50.91% in NC,58% in HF-DC.and 42.28% vildagliptin. Similarly, the anthropometric results may be attributed to the diabetic state that is known to cause weight loss as shown by Kuate D et al 13 …”

Development of an Experimental Model of Metabolic Syndrome in Sprague Dawley Rat

“…Hydrogenated vegetable fat used in our study promoted an increase in serum triacylglycerol and total cholesterol levels. Long term intake of TFAs altered plasma lipoprotein profile that increased the risk of cardiovascular diseases, decreased insulin sensitivity, and higher risk of type 2 diabetes (Ibrahim et al, 2005;Lichtenstein et al, 2001). Based on our knowledge this study was the first study revealed metabolic syndrome features with the use of fat sources that mimic daily consumed fat in human.…”

“…Moreover, the blood glucose of HFHS group was significantly higher than that of NC group at the end of study. As explained by (Kuate et al, 2015), high carbohydrate and fat diet only would not induce frank hyperglycemia. Moreover, (Wang et al, 2007) revealed that hyperglycemia appeared at 3-4 weeks subsequent to streptozotocin administration.…”