Tetraploid Wheats: Valuable Source of Phytosterols and Phytostanols

Abstract

Phytosterols are known as healthy compounds obtained mainly from oilseed crops. Cereals were also studied for their sterols content. Few insights have been devoted to other tetraploid species than emmer and durum wheats. This work examined phytosterol and phytostanol content in seed of six tetraploid wheat species cultivated during two successive years under rainfed organic conditions in Auch (near Toulouse, France). Sterols (free and esterified sterols) were measured by gas-chromatography-flame ionisation detector. Mean value of sterols + stanols content was 99.5 mg 100 g−1 DW. The main sterol was β-sitosterol. Results showed a year effect on sterol content, whatever the wheat species. This could be explained by the differences in climatic conditions prevailing during plant cycle and grain filling. A large variability for sterols content was found between species and within each species. Emmer wheat revealed the lowest values for all sterols and stanols. Higher values of sterols were obtained in durum wheat. This work is the first report studying T. carthlicum, T. polonicum, T. turgidum, T. timopheevi. These species exhibited intermediate values of sterol contents between emmer and durum wheats. Wheat tetraploid species showed interesting levels of sterols and could serve as a great source of these healthy compounds mainly in Mediterranean region where they are consumed as wholegrain. Variation in climatic conditions could help to manage the level of these secondary metabolites.

Bioactive compounds in lipids of selected wheat genotypes

“…Our research revealed that the amounts of campesterol, stigmasterol and sitosterol in durum wheat varieties were greater than those of previously reported values (Jiang & Wang, 2005). Furthermore, our investigation indicated that the phytosterol composition of durum wheat was higher than that of the dicoccum genotype, which is in line with the findings of Merah & Mouloungui (2019).…”

“…The local wheat varieties have gained attention from both researchers and farmers recently, because of their health‐promoting benefits. Several studies have been carried out on the lipid contents of modern wheat (Erdem et al ., 2017; Merah & Mouloungui, 2019; Narducci et al ., 2019), however investigation of the lipophilic bioactive compounds remained limited for the local genotypes (Hidalgo & Brandolini, 2014). To the authors' knowledge, there is also limited literature available on the bioactive compounds in the lipids of some local Turkish varieties included in this study.…”

Oil content, fatty acid and phytosterol compositions of chia seeds cultivated under organic conditions in France

“…Our results showed lower values than those noticed in already published works. These differences may be due to the used genotypes, climatic conditions during cultivation, stage of seed filling, extraction and measurement methods (Merah et al, 2012;Coelho and Salas-Mellado, 2014;Merah and Mouloungui, 2019). At Samatan in 2017, climatic conditions were harsh during seed filling duration (Tab.…”

Planting Locations with Higher Temperature Produce More Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Capacities of Wheat

“…The results indicate that elevated growing temperatures significantly enhanced the bioactive compounds contents and antioxidant capacities of wheat and the finding might be a general phenomenon. The contents of the major bioactive compounds pseudohypericin and hypericin of St. John's wort was higher at 30 • C than at 25 • C [32] and delaying sowing dates, which leads to higher temperatures, affects the accumulation of unsaturated fatty in safflower and phytosterols and phytostanols [33,34]. The diurnal cycle was also previously reported to affect the content of secondary metabolites such as phytic acid in wheat [35].…”