SummaryThe aim of this study was to determine the serum cytokine levels in patients with Wilson's disease (WD) and correlate with phenotype, therapeutic status and laboratory data. In this cross-sectional study, the serum levels of cytokines were estimated in 34 patients (M : F, 23 : 11; drug-naive, 11) with WD (mean age: 13路8 袭 8路6 and 19路6 袭 9路03 years) and compared with 30 controls. The following serum cytokines were analysed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay: (i) tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-a, (ii) interferon (IFN)-g, (iii) interleukin (IL)-2, (iv) IL-6 and (v) IL-4. Serum TNF-a (P < 0路001), IFN-g (P = 0路005) and IL-6 (P < 0路001) were detectable in WD compared with controls. However, serum level elevation of IL-4 (P = 0路49) and IL-2 (P = 0路11), although detectable compared with controls, was statistically insignificant. The disease severity and therapeutic status did not affect the cytokines. Presence of anaemia, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, pancytopenia and hepatic dysfunction did not influence cytokine levels. There was a significant negative correlation between IL-6 and ceruloplasmin (P = 0路04) and antiinflammatory cytokines (IL-4) and copper level (P = 0路01). Serum cytokines, both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory subtypes, were elevated significantly in patients with WD. Further studies would establish their role in its pathogenesis.